Atopic dermatitis on the face in children and adults, symptoms and treatment methods

Classification

All types of inflammation of the skin occur when exposed to an irritating substance. If such a substance gets on the skin from the surrounding area, then contact .

If an irritating substance first enters the gastrointestinal tract, then into the blood and only then onto the skin, then the disease is called toxicoderma .

Dermatitis is divided into the following types:

allergic (the second name is atopic) - from exposure to an allergen; contact (appears on open parts of the body after external contact with an irritant - around the mouth, on the elbows, hands); solar (appears after exposure to bright sun); seborrheic (these are various rashes and pimples, blackheads); this type of rash affects certain parts of the skin: the forehead and face along the hairline, areas of skin around the mouth, as well as the groin, back, chest, cheeks.

The most common type of disease is allergic dermatitis . What does dermatitis look like and can it be cured?

What does it look like?

Inflamed areas of the skin may appear as redness, peeling and abrasions (the mildest form of the disease), as well as rashes, pimples, blisters, blisters and wounds.

The location of the rash is localized on the face, head, arms, groin and stomach, back and buttocks, and even on the pussy . Severe dermatitis is complicated by inflammation and swelling, itching, discomfort, and soreness of the skin.

Often parents use local remedies (ointment, powder) without analyzing the cause of skin inflammation. This is not true. Treatment of the rash requires both external and internal treatment.

The blisters are unpleasant because after opening they form small wounds through which infection penetrates . Children often scratch the rash on their arms and elbows. So dermatitis in children is complicated by infection.

External manifestations of dermatitis:

dry skin on the arms, elbows, face around the mouth; red spots in the groin, buttocks, back and abdomen; small blisters with fluid - located on the legs, arms (elbows, palms), around the mouth, neck, back and buttocks ; The listed places are the traditional places of manifestation of atypical eczema; pustules in the folds of the skin (in the groin) and on open areas of the body (arms, elbows).

Symptoms and manifestation

The main danger of the disease is that its symptoms are similar to ordinary inflammation, psoriasis and lupus. This is why it is necessary to consult a doctor immediately.

The appearance of the first rash on the face should be a reason to consult a doctor. This will save the necessary time. The correct diagnosis will be made and effective treatment will be selected.

Causes

The causes of the disease are conventionally divided into external and internal. External causes act from the outside, internal causes enter the baby’s body through nutrition and breathing. A number of irritating factors affect the body externally and internally (if allergens from the air enter the child’s bloodstream through the lungs and affect the skin directly from the outside).

Contact

The cause of contact dermatitis in a child can be:

Wet diapers : skin rashes appear on the body of a month-old baby in places where the baby is in constant contact with a wet diaper - on the back and buttocks, on the stomach and groin (treatment of diaper dermatitis is the use of diapers). Staying in a full diaper causes a rash and redness in the groin, between the buttocks and on the stomach (treatment is timely change of diaper). Synthetic clothing and bedding can cause atopic dermatitis on the baby’s body in any part of it (where synthetics come into contact with the baby’s skin): on the neck and head from a synthetic hat, on the elbows from a synthetic sweater, around the mouth from a synthetic scarf. The best remedy for such allergies is natural clothing. Inappropriate children's cosmetics (cream, soap, shampoo) - causes rashes in those parts of the body where the cream was used: in the groin, on the buttocks, on the cheeks. The skin of a one-month-old baby is sensitive; a special moisturizer without E-additives is needed. Household chemicals are also an irritant; when they come into contact with a child’s diapers and clothes, they cause rashes on the body. Upon contact with an irritant at home (if the baby helped the mother wash the dishes), rashes may appear on the palms of the hands. If the baby is allergic to his mother's perfume, rashes appear on the eyes, cheeks and around the nose. The most effective means of combating this is to avoid household chemicals. Dusty or polluted air in industrial cities (it can be difficult to cure such dermatitis in children due to the child’s constant contact with the irritant. Sometimes the only correct solution is to change place of residence.

The main treatment for contact dermatitis is to limit any contact with the irritant. If the child is periodically exposed to an allergen irritant, the atypical reaction intensifies.

The rashes on the body become extensive and cause great discomfort. In places where rashes are most common (on the hands and elbows, cheeks and around the mouth), the skin loses elasticity, pigmentation, and becomes thin and vulnerable.

By limiting exposure to the irritant, the allergic mood of the body decreases in 80% of children. Signs of dermatitis weaken first on open parts of the body (on the face, eyes, outer elbows and around the neck, in an older child on the back and stomach), and then in closed places (in the groin, along the bends of the elbows, between the buttocks, on the feet).

Toxicodermic

Causes of toxicodermic dermatitis:

Food allergens (the most common cause of dermatitis on the body of a baby, as well as a common cause of rashes on the face and hands of a young child). The best remedy for food dermatitis is diet. Inhalation of exhaust gases (when traveling along roads). Medicines (treatment requires immediate withdrawal from the incorrectly selected drug). Infectious diseases (form so-called infectious dermatitis in young children). The main treatment is to fight the underlying infection.

Dermatitis is a complex disease, the causes of which often lie in the allergic reactions of the child’s body. Symptoms of dermatitis appear on various parts of the body and cause unpleasant itching, pain and discomfort.

External remedies are a cosmetic temporary effect on the disease. The main treatment is limiting contact with the irritant (diet, environmental control).

Causes

No one can name one reason that provokes the appearance of atopic dermatitis. As a rule, the disease develops under the influence of a number of negative factors. These reasons include:

• genetic predisposition. The specialist finds out about the presence of such a disease or allergies during the initial examination;
• allergic reactions to environmental factors (dust, pollen, animal hair), food, household chemicals;
• when dermatitis is diagnosed in childhood, the risk of the disease appearing on the face increases significantly;
• living in an environmentally unfavorable environment;
• unhealthy diet with regular consumption of preservatives, dyes, fast food, fatty foods;
• the presence of chronic diseases for which a person regularly takes a large number of medications;
• state of chronic stress;
• overwork;
• sudden change in climatic conditions;
• smoking, alcohol abuse, drug addiction.

The exact cause of the disease can be determined by the doctor after carrying out the necessary diagnostics. It is prohibited to select treatment on your own. This may cause the condition to worsen.

Treatment

To cure dermatitis or reduce its manifestations on any part of the body (elbows, back, on the head in the hair and around the mouth), you must adhere to the following rules:

Strict limitation of contact between the child and the irritant (diet, control of household chemicals, natural clothing). Any type of rash has its own cause. When the cause is removed, the effect disappears. Timely treatment of skin inflammation : avoid infection or complications. External treatment is carried out with antiseptic dressings (medicinal ointment, special cream), folk remedies (herbal baths and rubbing infusions) help. Internal treatment consists of taking antiseptics and medications to reduce the allergic reaction. Reducing the body’s allergic mood is the most complex and lengthy treatment. Medicines to improve bowel function (bifidobacteria), calcium-containing vitamin complexes, and a healthy diet (natural foods without additives) help. Treating skin rashes from the inside is more effective than using external cream or ointment. If it is difficult to completely cure an allergy, then you can at least reduce its manifestations. Application of complex therapy : means for the treatment of dermatitis (pharmaceuticals and medications, external ointment and cream) must be combined with diet and prevention of contact with the irritating allergen.

Diet and nutrition

The main and main treatment for toxicodermic food dermatitis is a strict diet . The nutrition of a breastfed mother is focused on feeding the baby. The diet excludes from the diet of a nursing woman those foods that are not digestible by a month-old baby and cause rashes and skin inflammations (on the face, hands, elbows, neck and around the mouth).

The diet of a young child excludes from the diet foods that cause rashes. Often by the age of five, the allergic mood decreases, the microflora and enzymatic composition of the digestive organs are formed.

The body begins to absorb those nutrients that it could not digest at the age of one and a half to two years. Rashes and skin inflammations on the elbows and feet, in the hair and around the mouth disappear. A strict diet is losing its relevance.

You cannot treat your baby only with external means (apply anti-allergenic cream to areas of inflammation, apply ointment at night). The disease manifests itself externally and internally. In addition to skin manifestations of allergies, the child’s immunity and digestion are weakened.

Cream and ointment

If parents do not have the opportunity to limit the baby from contact with the irritant, it is necessary to smear an antiseptic cream, medicinal ointment on the sites of skin inflammation, and wipe the rash with disinfecting solutions and herbal infusions.

The task of parents is to prevent complications, the occurrence of inflammation and swelling, and to prevent infection by fungi and bacteria.

In this case, the external medications used should be antiseptic and reduce the body's allergic reactions (they are called antihistamines). Antihistamines are prescribed by your doctor. Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs may contain baby cream and pharmaceutical ointment.

Treating a child only with external means, applying antihistamine cream, applying anti-inflammatory ointment is ineffective and insufficient. In order to further cure dermatitis, it is necessary to remove the causes of the disease and irritating factors.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis on the face in adults

The treatment regimen is selected after there is an accurate diagnosis. To stabilize the condition, it requires complex medications, the use of ointments, and creams for external treatment. Often treatment is not complete without traditional methods. They can enhance the effect of drugs, but will never fully replace complex therapy.

Drug therapy includes:

• sedatives;
• vitamin complexes;
• antihistamines;
• immunomodulators;
• corticosteroids.

Additionally, it is necessary to use external agents. Ointments and creams help relieve inflammation, reduce redness and rashes.

Doctors also give nutritional advice. You should avoid fast food products, preservatives, and fatty foods. It is better to minimize or completely eliminate alcohol and smoking.

Prevention

It is impossible to cure dermatitis in children in one day. Ointment and cream can only relieve the external manifestations of the disease. The best remedy for food rashes is constant monitoring of the menu of mother and baby, the use of natural remedies to combat allergic reactions, preventing infection and acute skin inflammations will help overcome the disease.

Treatment for dermatitis often takes several years. With the strengthening of the body and the formation of intestinal microflora, the rashes on the hands and head disappear.

Allergic dermatitis is a reaction of the body in the form of a rash on the skin of different parts of the body. It is caused by an individual allergic reaction, the influence of toxins on the child’s reduced immunity, and is often hereditary. It most often occurs in infants during the period of introducing complementary foods, when the intestinal system is not yet fully developed and not all foods are able to digest and assimilate without consequences.

With age, these problems disappear, but there is a category of children whose immune system does not develop protection against certain elements and the illness drags on for a long time. The cause can be both food and environmental factors: pollen, ultraviolet rays, animal hair, etc., dysbacteriosis, intestinal diseases.

Allergies today occupy a leading place among ailments in adults and children. It is important not to ignore the initial symptoms, which can lead to complications.

Basic rules for therapy

It should be noted that skin rashes in a child can appear on various parts of the body (face, arms, head, legs, back, neck, groin area). As for rashes on the face, each individual case has its own cause for this unpleasant inflammatory process.

Irritants of the disease are caused by various allergens that could enter the child’s blood with food, solar ultraviolet rays, household and cosmetic products, and congenital factors. Especially young children (under 2 years old) are susceptible to external and internal irritating influences.

In any case, to get rid of skin inflammation or reduce its manifestations, parents should adhere to the basic rules:

1. Strictly eliminate possible irritants and limit the baby’s contact with the provoking factor of the disease. This rule must be followed in order to reduce the risk of complications of dermatitis and minimize its manifestations. So, for example, if the cause of skin rashes on the face was a child’s prolonged exposure to the sun, you should avoid walking and being outside during the period of greatest solar activity (from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.). You should also use sunscreen for baby skin before going out.
2. Carrying out timely complex therapy, including treatment of external and internal manifestations of dermatitis on the face. The fight against skin rashes on the face is carried out using special creams and ointments, as well as herbal lotions and tinctures. Internal relief from the disease is achieved through the use of antihistamines and antiseptic drugs.
3. Carrying out certain measures aimed at minimizing the body's allergic reaction: following a diet in the diet of the child and nursing mother, increasing the child's consumption of natural products without additives, as well as food prepared without heat treatment. Drugs that normalize intestinal function are considered effective, so pediatricians often prescribe various products with bifidobacteria (Bifidumbacterin, Linex, BioGaia, etc.). They are necessary to increase immunity, because it is known that the functioning of the digestive tract and the body’s defenses are directly dependent. Treatment with such drugs is considered much more effective than the use of external cosmetics (creams and ointments).

Features of allergic dermatitis in children

The course of the disease occurs in periods: remission is replaced by exacerbation. In some children, the symptoms of dermatitis disappear by adolescence, in others the disease is chronic and haunts them throughout their lives.

Incorrect and untimely treatment leads to complications in the form of viral, fungal, bacterial infections, and eye damage.

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Causes of allergic dermatitis in children

Allergens enter the body in the following ways:

Contact dermatitis: wet diapers: rashes appear in places where the baby is in constant contact with a wet diaper - the back, buttocks, abdomen and groin area; untimely change of diaper: provokes a rash and redness in the groin, between the buttocks and on the stomach; synthetic materials: clothing and bedding cause irritation in those areas of the body with which there is direct contact; children's cosmetics (cream, soap, shampoo): children's delicate skin is sensitive. It is important to choose the right special moisturizer without additives; household chemicals, perfumes ; polluted air: dusty and polluted air in industrial cities complicates the life of an allergy sufferer. Toxicodermic dermatitis. Toxicoderma is caused by external factors: food; traffic fumes; medicines; infections;

By limiting irritants and allergens, eighty percent of children experience a reduction in the frequency of exacerbations.

Symptoms of allergic dermatitis in children

A simple form of allergic dermatitis:

redness; peeling; itching; rash; pimples; bubbles; blisters; erosion.

In case of complications of the disease:

inflammation, swelling; soreness of the affected area; discomfort.

In addition, without exception, all forms and phases of allergic dermatitis in a child include symptoms such as:

sleep disturbance; irritability; disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract.

It is difficult for children to resist scratching the rash, which leads to complications in the form of infections.

Dermatitis in children

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis

Usually manifests in the first half of life;
less often develops in preschool, school or adolescence. Skin rashes with atopic dermatitis in children can be represented by persistent hyperemia or transient erythema, dryness and flaking of the skin, or a weeping papular-vesicular rash on an erythematous background. Characteristic signs of atopic dermatitis in children include symmetry of skin lesions on the face, limbs, and flexor surfaces of joints; itching of varying intensity. Quite often, with atopic dermatitis in children, folding (hyperlinearity) of the palms and soles is detected; follicular hyperkeratosis of the elbows, forearms, shoulders; white dermographism, skin scratching, pyoderma, hyperpigmentation of the eyelids (“allergic radiance”), cheilitis, urticaria, keratoconus, recurrent conjunctivitis, etc. The natural progression of atopic dermatitis in children in the absence of proper treatment can become the so-called “atopic march” or atopic disease , characterized by the addition of other allergic diseases: allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma.

Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis

This type of dermatitis occurs in approximately 10% of children in the first 3 months of life and completely stops by 2-4 years. The first manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis in a child may appear as early as 2-3 weeks of life. At the same time, grayish scalp-like scales (gneiss) are formed on the scalp, which, merging, turn into a continuous greasy crust. Gneiss can spread to the skin of the forehead, eyebrows, and behind the ear; sometimes maculopapular rashes, covered with scales on the periphery, are found in the natural folds of the torso and limbs.

Distinctive features of seborrheic dermatitis in children are minimal itching and absence of exudation (scales are greasy, but dry). When the crusts are forcibly removed, brightly hyperemic skin is exposed; in this case, it can become wet and easily become infected.

Symptoms of diaper dermatitis

Diaper dermatitis is characterized by irritation of the skin of the buttock area, inner thighs, perineum, lower back, abdomen, i.e., areas of the skin in contact with wet and soiled diapers, diapers, and onesies. Diaper dermatitis occurs in 35-50% of infants, most often developing in girls aged 6 to 12 months.

Depending on the severity of clinical manifestations, there are 3 degrees of diaper dermatitis. With mild manifestations of dermatitis in children, moderate skin hyperemia, a mild rash and maceration of the skin in areas of typical localization occur. Moderate diaper dermatitis is characterized by the formation of papules, pustules and infiltrates on irritated areas of the skin. Severe diaper dermatitis in children occurs with the opening of blisters, the formation of areas of weeping and erosion, and extensive drainage infiltrates.

The development of diaper dermatitis affects the general well-being of children: they become restless, cry often, sleep poorly, since the inflamed areas of the skin are very itchy, and touching them causes discomfort and pain. In girls, diaper dermatitis can lead to the development of vulvitis.

Symptoms of contact dermatitis in children

Manifestations occur directly on the area of ​​the skin that came into contact with any irritant. The main signs of contact dermatitis in children include edematous hyperemia of the skin with sharp boundaries, severe itching, burning, soreness, and the formation of blisters, the opening of which leads to the formation of weeping erosive areas.

Contact dermatitis in children can take an acute or chronic course. The acute phase begins immediately after contact with the irritant and ends shortly after the end of exposure. Dermatitis in children acquires a chronic course after frequent repeated exposure to an aggressive factor.

Typical localization of allergic dermatitis

On the face

When signs of allergies appear on the face, you should always pay attention to the possibility of swelling of the larynx and airways, which can impair the child’s respiratory function.

Diathesis in children is caused by food, mainly fruits and vegetables, containing chemical additives, dyes and flavors, contact with animals, and flowering plants. Signs appear within 15-30 minutes, although they may not cause discomfort to the child. In addition to redness on the face, cough, runny nose, watery eyes, and difficulty breathing may occur.

The following will help eliminate painful symptoms:

softening and moisturizing ointments and creams; compliance with hygiene rules; exclude the allergen-causative agent.

On hands

Hands are the most common place for various rashes.

Hygiene products and household chemicals. This reaction is characterized by redness of the palms, severe itching, which is accompanied by peeling and a burning sensation. If you do not react in time, cracks form in the skin, through which the infection spreads to the subcutaneous fat layer. Which subsequently leads to the child’s hospitalization. Insect bites. Itchy dots appear at the site of the bite, which rise, taking on the appearance of a cone, and when scratched, become even more inflamed. Causes: bites of mosquitoes, ants, bees, wasps and other blood-sucking insects. Food, medicinal substances. Allergy triggers: low-quality products, sweets with a high sugar content, coffee or cocoa. If redness or a small rash is found on the back of the baby’s hands, this is a sign for parents to carefully monitor the child’s nutrition. Reaction to the weather. Frosty weather has a negative impact on a child's unprotected palms. The skin becomes inflamed, itching appears, swelling of the fingers is possible, pain and sensitivity increases. To avoid this situation, it is important to moisturize your hands with a special cream before going outside, and be sure to wear mittens. Unfortunately, the baby will have to be restricted from playing snowballs and building snowmen.

On foot

An allergic rash on the legs causes discomfort and can lead to limited mobility. Therefore, this problem must be taken seriously and treatment must begin immediately. Red spots on the legs that cause itching, blisters, and pustules are the first indicators of a child’s predisposition to allergic reactions.

Main localization: thighs, calves, lower legs, rarely the area under the knees. Manifestation of allergies - red spots, dry skin, peeling, hardening of the affected areas.

Because of the excruciating itching, babies cry constantly. The feet are characterized by rashes in the form of blisters or pustules, red spots of irregular shape, slight swelling, and inflamed skin. At the same time, other allergy symptoms appear in the respiratory system and digestive tract.

Types of dermatitis on the face

Depending on the main manifestations and course of the disease, there are several types of dermatitis that appear on the face.

Allergic dermatitis of the face

It develops when substances to which a person is hypersensitive—potential allergens—enter the body. Allergies do not occur immediately; the body needs time to produce antibodies. If the immune system fails, a reaction begins. Therefore, allergic dermatitis of the face manifests itself after a few days, sometimes even weeks.

In a mild form, the disease occurs with rashes, redness and swelling of the skin. If the allergen is not eliminated from the body (for example, you continue to eat the product that caused the allergy), then the manifestations of dermatitis may intensify.

Atopic dermatitis on the face

It is considered an advanced case of allergic dermatitis, provoked by other factors contributing to the development of the disease: for example, a hereditary predisposition to allergies.

Atopic dermatitis is manifested by itchy rashes, dryness, redness on the face; the skin in areas affected by dermatitis gradually becomes rougher.

Contact dermatitis of the facial skin

It can have both non-allergic origin (friction, thermal burn) and allergic origin. This could be a reaction to cosmetics, irritation from jewelry, or an allergy to bed linen detergent.

Dermatitis is manifested by dryness, peeling, redness of the skin and rashes. But unlike allergic, contact occurs exclusively at the site of skin contact with the allergen.

A type of contact dermatitis is photodermatitis (sun allergy).

Perioral dermatitis on the face

It is also called rosacea-like due to its external resemblance to the disease rosacea: the skin on the face with dermatitis is covered with spots of different colors - from pale pink to bright red (they also change shade depending on environmental conditions, for example, in different weather). The main location is the area around the mouth.

The disease occurs mainly in women aged 15-45 years. Causes: metabolic disorders, prolonged use of glucocorticosteroids (topically or systemically) and medications containing them, mites of the genus Demodex, infectious agents: yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, obligate anaerobic bacteria, stress. And external factors aggravate the situation.

Although the causes of perioral dermatitis on the face have not been thoroughly studied, excessive use of decorative cosmetics, skin care products, and sunscreens are considered a catalyst for the occurrence and development of the disease.

Seborrheic dermatitis on the face

Disruption of the sebaceous glands leads to increased sebum secretion, which in turn causes oily skin and clogged pores, and the development of seborrheic dermatitis is facilitated by the activation of the lipophilic yeast fungus Malassezia furfur.

Seborrheic dermatitis usually begins from the head (dandruff in the hair), and then “descends” to the face in the fattest parts - the wings of the nose, behind the ears, on the eyelids.

There are 2 types:

• Oily seborrheic dermatitis - pustules appear on the skin, the face acquires a grayish color and seems to shine.
• Dry dermatitis - the skin is very flaky, flaking scales form on the face.

Seborrheic dermatitis on the face can begin at any age.

Treatment of allergic dermatitis in children

Allergy treatment begins with identifying the pathogen and allergen. To do this you need to undergo an examination. Based on the results, individual therapy is prescribed according to the patient’s age. The very first thing for a positive result is to eliminate contact with the irritant.

Drug treatment

Drug treatment is carried out as follows:

First of all, you should alleviate the baby’s condition and relieve the symptoms that lead to unbearable itching. Medicines prescribed by your doctor will help eliminate the symptoms. For example, “Tavegil”, “Claritin”, “Zyrtec”, “Claritidin”. Activated carbon tablets will help prevent possible intoxication. The skin is treated with ointments: Akriderm, Sinaflan, Celestoderm; it is important to note that these ointments contain hormones and are used exclusively in severe cases. To reduce the intensity of the allergic reaction, it is recommended to use non-hormonal agents: “Keratolan”, “Radevit”, “Vitamin F 99”.

Doctors do not recommend using the drug for a long time on the same affected area, which can lead to a negative effect. You cannot self-medicate. Treatment is prescribed only by a qualified doctor based on the results of the examination.

Diet

Diet plays an important role in treating any allergy. It is necessary to completely exclude allergenic foods from the diet: honey, citrus fruits, strawberries, nuts, tomatoes, chicken eggs, cow's milk and those that contain added food coloring.

They are replaced with products with a significant content of vitamins, which strengthen the immune system of the little patient. If a baby with allergies is breastfed, then the mother follows the diet.

The mixture for feeding an allergic person must be strictly selected by a doctor. If it is impossible to consume cow protein, it is replaced with soy or goat protein. If the body reacts negatively to any type of milk protein, it is important to introduce therapeutic nutrition - a mixture based on hydrolyzed protein. Complementary feeding from fruit puree should be introduced no earlier than 10 months; it is recommended to prepare it at home.

The product in jars often causes allergies. Such children should not include yolk, fish, or fatty meat in their complementary foods. It is better to wait with them until the baby is two years old. It is at this age that the body develops and is more resistant to certain allergens.

Kefir and low-fat cottage cheese are allowed among dairy products. Dietary meat - turkey, rabbit, chicken fillet - steamed or baked. Completely exclude baked goods, smoked meats, preserves, sweets, chocolate, and exotic fruits.

Hypoallergenic life

To treat dermatitis, you need to adhere to the following rules in everyday life:

All baby clothes and bedding should be made only from natural fabrics - cotton, linen, viscose. Items made of wool should not come into direct contact with the skin. The air in the children's room should have high humidity. Eliminate or minimize contact with pets. Daily wet cleaning of premises without the use of chemicals. Individual hypoallergenic products for baby hygiene. Be careful when choosing diapers.

Diet for the treatment of dermatitis in children

Compliance with diet is the most important condition for the effective treatment of allergic dermatoses in children of all age categories.

Parents sometimes despair, wondering whether the disease can be cured at all. However, it is the correct diet that sometimes determines how quickly an allergic disease will disappear and whether a relapse will occur.

The menu for a child 2–5 years old suffering from allergic dermatitis looks approximately as shown in the table.

The menu is quite arbitrary, but from it it becomes clear that a child can eat tasty and healthy, even suffering from allergic dermatosis of any origin.

Children over 3 years old should receive a variety of foods, depending on their origin, vitamin and chemical composition. Adequate nutrition will give you strength and allow you to quickly cope with the problem.

Doctor Komarovsky about allergic dermatitis in a child

According to Komarovsky, it’s rare that a baby gets along without redness on the cheeks and inflammatory spots on the skin. Diathesis has a complex mechanism of occurrence.

The doctor believes that it is possible to significantly reduce allergies or get rid of them altogether if:

reduce sweating; prevent the allergen from getting inside and being absorbed into the blood; avoid direct skin contact with external irritants; control of drinking enough fluid; reduce layers of clothing and blankets; maintain ideal humidity (55 - 60%) and comfortable (18-20 degrees) indoor air temperature.

He identifies the causes of allergies that contribute to its exacerbation:

The presence of an allergen in the external environment, in contact with the child’s skin, reacts with sweat; Intense sweating; Ingestion of an allergen, the breakdown products of which are absorbed into the blood from the intestines.

It is typical that provocateurs are simple things that do not harm health. Why do some children’s immune system adequately perceive these substances, while others do not?

Komarovsky’s method identifies two factors:

Early age, when immunity is not fully formed; Excess antigen.

The doctor believes the main reasons are:

External allergen that interacts with the skin. These include: wool; pollen; dust; chemical substances; cosmetics. Internal antigen that enters the intestines with food. These include food, drinks, and medicines. Attention! Remove papillomas from the skin! So that they do not frighten you, this healing remedy will eliminate them overnight...”

Seborrheic

As a rule, seborrheic dermatitis can appear on the face, since its place is where the sebaceous glands are. It can even occur in infants. This disease affects only 5% of people, which means it is not that common. Most often it manifests itself in the formation of crusts, which go away on their own after the child grows up.

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It is customary to distinguish several forms of seborrheic dermatitis, which appears on the child’s face:

Dry seborrhea. It is this form that usually appears in children. During the disease, the skin becomes dry and cracks. And this happens because much less sebum is secreted due to disruption of the sebaceous glands. Oily seborrhea. Which, on the contrary, is manifested by increased production of sebum. Combined seborrhea. Which can manifest itself as symptoms of oily and dry seborrhea.

Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include the following:

skin sensitivity; swelling of the face; redness; burning and itching on the cheeks; peeling of the skin; the presence of scales on the affected skin.

Additional causes of this disease in children include:

diabetes;

lack of sleep; poor nutrition; poor immunity; lack of vitamins; disruption of the endocrine system; stress; gastrointestinal diseases.

Diet

In most cases, the cause of a rash on a child’s face is the child’s body’s reaction to a particular food product. This applies to infants, as well as children under 3-4 years of age. This reaction is associated with an immature digestive and immune system, when any new product can cause allergies.

That is why, first of all, pediatricians pay attention to the menu of a nursing mother and her child.

If the possible cause of the skin rash was a reaction to a new food eaten, as well as to a highly allergenic food (eggs, raspberries, chocolate, honey, citrus fruits, nuts), then doctors recommend temporarily eliminating it. By limiting the child's contact with the allergen, the skin rash should go away within a short time.

It’s another matter when a child is allergic from birth. In this case, a comprehensive examination of the baby and timely treatment are necessary.

A nursing mother and child should select a menu individually and stick to it for a long time.

There are situations when a child’s body reacts with skin rashes to infant formula. In this case, you should consult your doctor and replace it with a more suitable one.

Proper care of the baby’s skin plays an important role in complex therapy.

It includes the use of special creams to prevent dry skin, maintaining facial hygiene (washing and evening baths should be a mandatory part of hygiene procedures).

This is especially true in the summer, when high sweating contributes to the development of skin rashes.

Allergic

Allergic dermatitis on the face can occur with the following symptoms:

the appearance of bubbles filled with liquid; swelling of the face; redness.

If you do not start eliminating the allergen in time and do not treat the disease, the child may complain of the following symptoms:

dizziness; dyspnea; difficulty breathing; runny nose; weakness; tearfulness.

If you do not pay attention to treatment, scars may remain on your face.

If allergic dermatitis is detected, the following steps should be followed:

Eliminate allergen. Engage in comprehensive treatment. Take care of your facial skin with medications prescribed by your doctor.

Local therapy

Treatment of dermatitis on the face of a child is carried out with various external means, which are used to get rid of a mild form of the disease.

For minor rashes caused by one factor or another, many parents use baby creams, special medicinal ointments, make lotions from herbal infusions, or simply wipe the affected areas with them. Creams and ointments are also used in cases where it is not possible to avoid the child’s contact with the irritant.

Many parents with mild forms of dermatitis carefully lubricate the baby's skin with a non-greasy baby cream. This simple and affordable remedy often includes extracts of chamomile, string, sage, oak bark, as well as various oils that have anti-inflammatory properties.

You can also buy special ointments at the pharmacy: Bepanten, D-Panthenol, Panthenol, Pantoderm, etc. They cope well with any skin inflammation, itching and irritation, including dermatitis on the face. It is enough to just anoint the affected area a few times, and the redness will go away. However, with severe inflammation, the use of one external remedy will not be enough.

Skin Cap, available in the form of a gel or ointment, is considered very effective and safe. This drug has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal effects. Thanks to the zinc compounds included in its composition, it perfectly relieves irritation and inflammation.

Some pediatricians advise purchasing herbal remedies to treat rashes on the face. First, you should make an infusion of herbs, and then blot a piece of cotton wool and wipe the affected area. Baths with the addition of herbal infusions (sage, string, chamomile) will also be effective.

The main task of parents in this situation is the timely treatment of mild forms of dermatitis, as well as the prevention of further inflammation and possible complications.

In more severe cases, when the child is bothered by severe itching, the pediatrician may prescribe special antihistamines. They help reduce the allergic reaction and alleviate the condition.

Therapeutic creams or ointments used in the treatment of dermatitis have different mechanisms of action:

• have antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects;
• relieve swelling and redness;
• accelerate the healing process;
• have a softening and moisturizing effect;
• have an antiseptic effect.

Oral

As a rule, the cause of oral dermatitis is disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and other internal organs, and the use of certain medications. Therefore, treatment must be comprehensive.

Statistics show that the disease develops more often in girls than in boys.

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Its main symptom is the appearance of bright red spots on the neck, forehead and chin. As the disease progresses, these spots can change their color, becoming brighter. Also, the rashes may become covered with a crust that will constantly itch.

Principles of diet for illness

To get rid of the disease as soon as possible, the patient must follow a diet. The list of prohibited products includes the following:

chips, crackers, corn sticks; fatty, salty, smoked foods; packaged juices; canned food, marinades; fast food.

No matter how tasty these dishes may seem, they are prohibited if you have dermatitis. The patient’s diet should include the following dishes:

quail eggs; freshly squeezed juices (vegetable and fruit); chicken, veal, rabbit meat; porridge; milk products; fish;

In order to overcome dermatitis on a child’s face as quickly as possible, you should not fry food, you should boil it or cook it in a double boiler. You can also bake food by adding a little oil.

If dermatitis occurs in a newborn baby who is breastfed, then the nursing mother should also follow the diet.

Hypoallergenic product for nursing mothers

Causes of the disease

The mechanism of development of allergic dermatitis in children has been precisely studied. The disease occurs against the background of constant exposure to some negative factor: food allergen, synthetic clothing, medication. As a result of the immune reaction, which is slow upon first contact with the allergen, the foreign substance is destroyed. Immune cells remember the “enemy” and are immediately activated upon repeated contact with him. The protective reaction is accompanied by the release of histamine. This substance causes characteristic bumps on the skin, accompanied by redness or itching.

This is what allergic childhood dermatitis may look like on a child’s face.

Negative skin condition can be caused by the following factors:

• food saturated with artificial food additives;
• contact with chemicals as a result of cleaning the premises with household products;
• wearing clothes made from synthetic fabrics or wool;
• use of cosmetics with dangerous additives (parabens, artificial fragrances);
• contact with certain plants, down, feathers or pets.

In order to choose the right effective range of allergy medications, it is necessary to identify the specific allergen that leads to the development of the rash.