Facial dermatitis is a disease that provokes inflammatory processes on the facial skin. Pathology, in addition, causes physical discomfort and affects the psychological state, leading to the emergence of various complexes.
The disease has a particularly strong impact on women, for whom even the appearance of a small pimple becomes a real disaster.
Until recently, dermatitis on the face belonged to childhood diseases. Now it is diagnosed in 10-12% of the adult population.
Causes of dermatitis on the face
It has not yet been possible to accurately determine the factors that provoke the development of the disease.
Presumably the main causes of dermatitis on the face are:
- hereditary predisposition;
- endocrine disorders;
- changes in hormonal levels;
- deficiency of vitamins in the diet;
- insufficient facial hygiene;
- use of low-quality cosmetics.
Increase the risk of developing the disease:
- weak immunity;
- frequent stress;
- poor facial hygiene;
- smoking;
- alcohol abuse.
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Symptoms of dermatitis on the face
Characteristic signs of dermatitis on the face can be seen in the photo. They are manifested by erythema and clearly visible acne-like rashes filled with fluid or pus. The rash is most often localized on the chin and around the mouth.
Quite often, people mistake the symptoms of dermatitis on the face for signs of simple inflammation, allergies or other diseases (for example, psoriasis). As a result, they do not take the necessary measures, which leads to the progression of the disease and the occurrence of complications.
Stages of dermatitis on the face
In its development, the disease goes through 3 stages:
- Spicy. The skin of the face turns red due to vasodilation, becomes swollen, covered with spots and blisters filled with serous fluid, and a burning sensation occurs. Any changes in environmental conditions immediately affect its condition. Timely treatment allows you to quickly and effectively get rid of the problem.
- I'll sharpen it up. The blisters burst, forming a scab, which causes itching and burning. The skin dries out and peels off in scales, becomes horny and covered with bluish, rough scars. Headaches, joint pains, and fever are possible.
- Chronic – an advanced form that cannot be completely cured and periodically manifests itself with relapses.
Timely adequate therapy will allow you to avoid the disease becoming chronic. Therefore, you should not treat dermatitis on the face at home, which may worsen the situation. It is better to consult a specialist if any rash is detected.
Anti-germ therapy
The protective function of the skin is reduced due to its dryness and inflammation. Various bacteria and viruses penetrate the epidermal layer of the skin and cause pustules, ulcers and vesicles. This condition is usually caused by the herpes virus, streptococci and staphylococci. To get rid of the herpes virus, use acyclovir ointment. Infection with streptococci and staphylococci, otherwise called pyoderma, is treated in a more complex way. The skin around the affected area is disinfected with solutions of aniline dyes containing alcohol, a solution of potassium permanganate, and antiseptics. It is necessary to limit contact of the inflamed area with water.
Types of dermatitis on the face
Medicine knows several types of dermatitis that affect the skin of the face. They differ in provoking factors, course characteristics and clinical manifestations.
Allergic dermatitis
Most common. Occurs when allergens (certain foods, chemical compounds, dust, pollen, wool) enter the body. In mild form, the disease is accompanied by red spots, rash and swelling.
If the necessary measures are not taken, the condition becomes more complicated: the temperature rises, migraines and rhinitis cause anxiety, and tearing occurs.
Atopic dermatitis
This type of pathology develops if allergic dermatitis is not treated. Red blisters remain permanently on the face and cause severe itching. Any mechanical stress provokes inflammatory processes. As a result, the skin becomes rough and scarred. The disease requires long-term treatment.
Contact dermatitis
This type of pathology is also allergic in nature. A distinctive feature of the disease is exposure to external allergens: washing powder, cosmetics, jewelry, fabrics. A person's skin becomes dry, red, blistered and peeling.
But all these signs appear only on areas of the skin in contact with the allergen. If you start treatment in a timely manner, you will be able to quickly cope with the disease. Otherwise, it transforms into the atopic form.
Photodermatitis
This disease is a type of contact form. Sun rays or creams that protect against ultraviolet exposure serve as an allergen.
Oral dermatitis
Another name is rosacea-like dermatitis, which is due to the similarity of symptoms with rosacea. Spots appear on the skin (usually around the mouth), changing their shade from light pink to deep red with changes in temperature and other external conditions.
In its neglected form, tubercles form at the site of the spots, which are quite difficult to remove. The main causes of the pathology are inappropriate cosmetics, improper functioning of the digestive system, hormonal changes, metabolic disorders, and stress.
Seborrheic dermatitis
For various reasons, disruptions in the activity of the sebaceous glands occur. As a result, they activate their work, which leads to excessive oiliness of the skin and provokes clogging of pores. First, the disease affects the scalp (dandruff appears), after which it spreads to the face. Acne and comedones form, which is accompanied by itching.
There are 2 types of the disease:
- oily dermatitis - the face turns gray, acquires an unhealthy shine, and becomes covered with ulcers;
- dry dermatitis - desquamation is observed - the skin flakes and flakes off in scales.
Classification
- Dry.
- Fat.
- Mixed.
- Dry seborrhea occurs due to decreased function of the sebaceous glands. The skin and hair become too dry, resulting in itching, dry dandruff, and the hair structure is destroyed, which leads to hair loss. With the dry type of seborrhea, the skin feels tight.
- In most cases, oily seborrhea is diagnosed. Its appearance is due to increased activity of the sebaceous glands. Excessive sebum secretion is more pronounced on the scalp, chin, forehead, back and chest. The characteristic seborrhea itching occurs, the pores expand, acne forms, and hair begins to fall out. Oily seborrhea is a common occurrence in adolescents when puberty begins.
Photo of oily seborrhea on the skin of the face
- The mixed form shows signs of two at once - oily and dry. Both types can appear in one place at the same time.
Treatment of dermatitis on the face
For treatment of facial dermatitis to be successful, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of pathological changes using complex drug therapy, including:
- antihistamines – relieve itching and other manifestations of allergies;
- anti-inflammatory drugs;
- hormonal drugs;
- antibiotics – destroy pathogenic bacteria;
- antidepressants;
- immunomodulators – strengthen the immune system, increase the body’s defenses;
- sedatives;
- vitamin complexes.
Additionally, the doctor may recommend physiotherapeutic procedures: cryomassage - exposure to cold on the skin and laser therapy.
A prerequisite for recovery is a change in lifestyle. It is necessary to exercise, walk in the fresh air more often, sleep at least 8 hours, avoid stress, and adhere to a hypoallergenic diet.
The basis of the diet should be vegetables and fruits, cereals, fish, and boiled meat. It is recommended to avoid canned food, spicy and spicy foods, pickles, smoked meats, sweets, fast foods, chips, and alcoholic beverages.
Proper skin care is important. To select suitable cleansers, it is recommended to consult a cosmetologist-dermatologist.
Sports activities and walks in the fresh air will have a beneficial effect. They activate blood circulation and oxygen supply to facial cells, which will speed up recovery and also improve the condition of the skin and hair.
In severely advanced cases, you will have to change jobs or move to live in a different climate zone.
Treatment of facial dermatitis with ointments and creams
Local treatment of dermatitis on the face using ointments and creams will help eliminate the unpleasant manifestations of the disease. When choosing a drug, the doctor takes into account the type of disease.
In case of an allergic form, antihistamine ointment is usually sufficient. In case of contact type, exposure to the allergen should be excluded and antihistamines should be used. In advanced cases, the disease can be controlled only with the help of creams containing hormones. Glucocorticosteroids will also be needed for atopic dermatitis.
For seborrhea, antimycotic ointments are used to destroy the fungus. Oral dermatitis is treated with ointments containing antihistamines. If the exact cause of the disease is unknown, hormonal drugs are additionally prescribed.
For dermatitis on the face, only glucocorticosteroid ointments belonging to the first class are recommended. They are characterized by low activity and do not irritate sensitive skin. But they should still be abandoned after the acute inflammation has resolved, since with long-term use they cause side effects and addiction.
For daily use, local products that do not contain hormones are recommended. Excellent results can be achieved with drugs from the Losterin line: cream and zinc-naphthalan paste, specially designed for the treatment of dermatitis and other skin pathologies.
They contain active substances in a balanced ratio that have a therapeutic effect on the skin. They relieve inflammation and itching, dry the skin, and have an antiseptic and disinfectant effect.
The Losterin line also contains hygiene products: cream soap, shower gel, shampoo. They gently cleanse the skin, saturate it with moisture, eliminate irritation and itching, disinfect and accelerate regenerative processes.
Seborrhea of the scalp
Dry seborrhea of the scalp is expressed by excessive dryness and brittle hair. Dandruff flakes are very small, so at first they are completely invisible.
Seborrhea of the scalp: photo
The danger of dry seborrhea is that at the initial stage the symptoms are mild, so treatment begins after more noticeable complications arise.
Treatment of dermatitis on the face with folk remedies
Folk remedies will complement the medicinal treatment of dermatitis on the face:
- Tar ointment. Tar (6 grams) is mixed with any cream (tube) and heated to 60⁰C.
- Milk-glycerin ointment. Combine milk and glycerin in equal volumes, add starch from rice to thicken.
- St. John's wort ointment. The grass is poured with double the volume of vegetable oil and left for a week.
- Thyme ointment. Dry leaves are combined with butter.
- Essential applications. Add 4 drops of myrrh and cypress oils to baby cream (20 grams).
- Milk-oil solution. Pour 5 drops of geranium, peppermint and cedar oils into milk (20 milliliters).
- Potato compress. Potatoes are grated or passed through a meat grinder. You can add honey to the potato pulp.
- Wine compress. Crushed plantain leaves (8 pieces) are poured with white wine (100 milliliters) and left to brew for 6 hours.
- Walnut decoction. Tree leaves (5 pieces) are crushed and filled with water (200 milliliters). Place on fire for 6-7 minutes. They insist.
- Decoction of hops, string, nettle. Plant herbs (10 grams each) are poured with boiling water (150 milliliters) and infused for about an hour.
- Dandelion tea. The leaves of the plant are steamed with boiling water in a ratio of 1:5 and left for 5-10 minutes. Used for lotions and as a soothing drink.
The skin is wiped with decoctions of medicinal herbs and oil solutions for a month. Ointments are applied to the skin at night.
Treatment of dermatitis on the face with ointments prepared at home will not get rid of the pathology, but will improve the general condition: it will relieve inflammation, disinfect the skin, and eliminate itching.
