Treatment of skin diseases: taking antibacterial drugs

For what skin diseases are antibiotics used?

Dermatological pathologies can be infectious or non-infectious. Only a specialist can make a correct diagnosis and determine the etiology of the disease, because skin diseases can be caused by fungi and bacteria, but often the cause of rashes on the epidermis is the body’s reaction to an allergen. To understand the causes of the disease and choose the right treatment tactics, a series of tests and studies will be required.

You can take antibiotics for skin diseases only as prescribed by a doctor, since such drugs kill not only pathogens, but also beneficial microorganisms.

Antibacterial agents are prescribed for skin pathologies such as:

furunculosis;
Read also: What is the difference between Akriderm GK cream and ointment?
streptoderma;
lupus;
eczema;
erysipelas;
impetigo;
lichen planus;
hidradenitis;
scleroderma and many others.

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There are a huge number of dermatological diseases. Some of them are easy to treat, but there are others that are difficult to deal with. Most often they are caused by various pathogenic microorganisms, so doctors often prescribe antibiotic treatment to their patients.

What should you remember when treating with antibiotics?

If therapy with antibacterial drugs is required, you definitely need to know:

Using antibiotics without a doctor's prescription is prohibited. This may have a negative impact on your health.
Diseases caused by viruses (flu, herpes and others) cannot be cured with antibacterial drugs. Such drugs have a depressing effect on the immune system, which aggravates the patient’s condition.
Pathogens tend to develop resistance to drugs, so it is not recommended to use antibacterial agents of the same group for a long period.
Treatment with antibiotics must be accompanied by the use of desensitizing drugs, otherwise there may be a risk of allergies.
Antibiotics kill not only pathogenic microorganisms, they have a detrimental effect on the beneficial intestinal microflora, which can lead to dysbiosis.
Antibacterial drugs are very toxic. They can accumulate in vital organs (liver, kidneys, bone marrow).
Before starting antibacterial therapy, you must carefully study the instructions.
During the treatment process, you must not deviate from the regimen and dosage. It is forbidden to exceed the daily dose of the medicine. The course of treatment with antibiotics is on average 5-10 days.
Often after taking antibacterial drugs, patients experience the appearance of fungal and sometimes bacterial infections. This is due to the fact that the medicine destroys the natural microflora of the body, which is why the place of beneficial bacteria is taken by pathogenic microorganisms.

Cephalosporins

These antibiotics affect most gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The therapeutic regimen when taking this group of antibiotics includes drugs that support intestinal microflora, as well as hepatoprotectors. Drugs from this group include:

"Ceftriaxone". It is a third generation antibiotic. It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect, inhibits tissue production by pathogenic cells. The active ingredient is ceftriaxone. The antibiotic is produced in the form of a powder, which is mixed with saline and administered intramuscularly. Intravenous administration is also allowed. Adverse reactions to the use of the drug are nausea, diarrhea, allergies, swelling, thrush, headache, dizziness and flatulence.

Hidradenitis - causes and symptoms

The disease hidradenitis is caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. They provoke purulent inflammation of the apocrine glands in the armpits, groin, and neck. Less commonly, the disease is localized in the area of the navel, nipples and anus. Hidradenitis is popularly known as knot udder.

The female body contains more apocrine glands, so the incidence rate among the fairer sex is significantly higher than among men. This disease does not occur in children or the elderly. This feature is due to the fact that the work of the sweat glands is intensively activated during puberty, and in old age their activity fades away.

According to statistics, approximately 80% of patients with hidradenitis are women from 15 to 50 years old.

The disease is accompanied by symptoms:

In the initial stage of the disease, nodules of a dense structure appear on the skin. The formations cause itching, and if you press on them, it causes pain.
After a few days, the size of the nodules increases to 2 cm, and they rise above the skin. The patient begins to feel feverish, headaches and general weakness occur.
During the maturation stage, the affected area of the body is swollen and red, and very painful to touch. Body temperature rises.
If the inflammatory process affects subcutaneous fat cells, phlegmon develops. When lymphatic tissue is damaged, the disease is complicated by lymphadenitis.
Large purulent inflammations can merge together, which often leads to blood poisoning (sepsis). This form of the disease is the most severe.

Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of the disease. Bacteria enter the human body through damage to the skin. Next, the microorganism penetrates the sweat glands through the lymphatic fluid and excretory ducts. The proliferation of bacteria and their development contribute to the appearance of inflammation with purulent formations.

Antibiotics for hidradenitis

Hidradenitis is a very dangerous disease, since the accumulation of pus in the tissues can lead to sepsis. At the slightest suspicion of pathology, you must immediately visit a doctor.

Hidradenitis is an infectious disease, so the course of treatment must include antibiotics.

The drug triamcinolone acetonide is produced in the form of an isotonic suspension. It is used for injection in acute hidradenitis and in the event of a purulent abscess. The medicine belongs to the group of corticosteroids and has a strong anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effect with long-lasting action.

For the chronic form of the disease, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

tetracycline;
erythromycin;
ristomycin;
monocycline;
lincomycin, etc.

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Purulent skin lesions are divided into limited and diffuse. The first include pyoderma, boils, carbuncles and abscesses. The second is phlegmon. The main causative agents of purulent skin lesions are staphylococci (epidermal, and more often aureus) and streptococci. Streptococcal pyoderma is characterized by the presence of small conflicts and seizures in the corners of the mouth. Staphylococci, as a more stable and aggressive flora, cause not only superficial ulcers, but also lesions that reach the subcutaneous tissue in the area of single (boils) or several (carbuncles) hair follicles. In this case, the stage of infiltration (red tubercle) is replaced by purulent fusion of tissue with the formation of a core of necrotic masses, after rejection of which a wound remains, healing with the formation of granulations and a scar. A type of purulent lesions of the skin appendages is hidradenitis - an infectious lesion of the sweat glands. An abscess is characterized by a more extensive and deep limited purulent melting, and phlegmon is characterized by the absence of clear boundaries, since with extensive inflammation the leukocyte shaft does not retain pus and bacteria. Skin manifestations are accompanied by reactive lymphangitis (inflammation along the lymphatic vessel) and lymphadenitis (reaction of regional lymph nodes into which lymph and toxins flow from the source of inflammation). Diagnosis of infectious skin processes is quite simple due to the characteristic clinical picture. To identify the pathogen, cultures of purulent discharge are carried out on media. At the same time, the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics is determined. Treatment should be carried out by a dermatologist or surgeon (in cases of deep or diffuse process).

Drugs to treat skin infections

I. Antiseptics . The most ancient way to fight skin infections. They kill pathogens both in the wound and on the surrounding skin, and dry the wound surfaces. 1. . Ethyl alcohol of different concentrations, camphor, boric alcohol. 2. . Brilliant green (most effective against staphylococci), fucarcin, methylene blue. 3. . Hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, miramistin. II. Antibiotics . Used in tablets, suspensions, injections. 1. . Bactericidal drugs that block the synthesis of microbial cell wall proteins. More active against streptococcal pyoderma. Combined and inhibitor-protected ones also affect staphylococci. A. Natural (sodium and potassium salts of benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin). B. Semi-synthetic Oxacillin, amoxicillin (flemoxin), ampicillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin. B. Inhibitor-protected. Amoxicillin clavulonate (flemoclav, amoxiclav, panclave, augmentin). Ampicillin sulbactam (unasin, sultamicillin, ampisid). D. Combined. Ampiox. 2. . Betalactam bactericidal antibiotics. The mechanism of action is similar to penicillins. In recent years, macrolides have given way to fluoroquinolones, as the resistance of microbes that cause pustular skin lesions to this antibacterial group has increased. 1st generation: cephalexin, cefazolin. 2nd generation: cefuroxime, cefaclor. 3rd generation: cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, cefazidime, ceftibuten, cefixime. 4th generation: cefepime. 3. . By forming complexes with sterols included in cell membranes, they damage the latter. Azithromycin (chemomycin, azithromycin, azitral, sumamed), josamycin, clarithromycin. 4. . They have a bactericidal effect by disrupting the synthesis of microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (they inhibit bacterial enzymes: topoisomerase 4 and DNA gyrase). Norfloxacin (quinolox, loxon, negaflox), ofloxacin (glaufos, zanocin, kiroll), lomefloxacin (xenaquin, lomacin, lomeflox), ciprofloxacin (zindoline, ificipro, quintor), lefloxacin, sparfloxacin (sparflo), levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin. 5. . They disrupt protein synthesis in ribosomes, being bactericidal drugs. 1st generation: kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin. 2nd generation: sisomycin, tobramycin, netilmicin, gentamicin. 3rd generation: amikacin. 6. . These medications have to be resorted to in cases of aggressive resistant flora represented by Staphylococcus aureus. This group cannot be abused, as this deprives TB specialists of the means to fight a possible tuberculosis infection. III. Local antibiotics in the form of ointments . Apply to damaged areas of skin in the form of bandages. Levomekol (chloramphenicol), tetracycline ointment, syntomycin, streptocide emulsions. IV. Bacteriophages . Antimicrobial direction competitive with antibiotics. For each type of microorganism there is a specific phage-eater. The advantages of these drugs are that bacteria are not highly adaptable to them. Staphylococcal bacteriophage, pyobacteriophage. They are used topically in the form of irrigations and lotions. V. Antihistamines (see Treatment of allergies). Reduce the allergic component of inflammation. VI. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs . This group of drugs combines the properties of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Through the system of arachidonic acid and cytokines, it suppresses the release of inflammatory mediators and suppresses all its manifestations (pain, fever, swelling). Preparations in the form of tablets, suppositories, creams and gels. Used for boils, carbuncles. Abcesses, phlegmon. 1. (indomethacin, naproxen, diclofenac, voltaren, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, lornoxicam). 2. (nimesulide, meloxicam, etodolac, nabumetone). 3. (Celebrex, Viox). 4. (diclofenac with misoprostol - arthrotek).

Can genital herpes be treated with antibiotics?

The herpes virus is a fairly common infectious disease. It appears as blistering rashes on the body, lips and genitals. There are 2 types of virus (I and II). According to scientists, the first type affects the mucous membranes of the lips, and the second - the genitals. Although there were cases when a patient had rashes on various parts of the body, only one type of virus was detected in him.

The location of type II herpes is the genitals. In women, the rash appears on the labia and vagina. Itching occurs in the affected areas of the mucous membrane. It is very difficult to diagnose and completely cure the disease, since such symptoms can be a sign of completely different pathologies. The same symptoms are typical:

for fungal infections (candidiasis);
with nonspecific vulvovaginitis;
if the body is affected by associated microbial infections.

Herpes is completely incurable. The peculiarity of the virus is that it contains DNA and after entering the body, it settles in nerve cells and is always present in a person.

When treating herpes, antiviral drugs must be used:

Herperferon.
Acyclovir.
Valaciclovir.

Many people mistakenly believe that antibiotics will help get rid of a viral infection, so they independently purchase medicine at pharmacies. In fact, infectious disease specialists do not use antibacterial agents in the treatment of herpetic diseases, since they are not effective for such a diagnosis. The exception is cases of secondary infection, which is treated with antibiotics. This therapy includes a whole range of drugs:

antivirus;
antibacterial;
immunomodulatory, etc.

Tetracycline ointment and Levomikol are antibiotics. These drugs are used for herpetic rashes in the nose and lips. But such ointments are not used if herpes has affected the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals.

The antibiotic tetracycline is recommended for use only in the initial stages of the disease; during this period the drug is most effective.

Concomitant diseases with herpes

Therapy for herpes may include taking antibiotics if clinical studies have revealed a concomitant bacterial infection. Such diseases include:

diseases caused by bacteria (giardiasis, chlamydia, amoebiasis, etc.);
purulent infections;
lung diseases: pneumonia, pleurisy;
necrotic and lacunar tonsillitis;
purulent intoxication of the body.
various pathologies of internal organs accompanied by bacterial infections.

It is impossible to cure herpetic diseases completely, since the virus, after entering the body, is present in it throughout life. Treatment is aimed only at suppressing the activity of the virus; for this purpose, antiviral drugs are used. If antibacterial therapy has been carried out, it is necessary to take immunostimulating drugs to restore protective functions in the body. This is due to the fact that antibiotics disrupt the natural microflora and suppress immune processes.

"Bactroban"

Broad-spectrum antibiotic. The ointment stops the reproduction and development of pathogenic microflora. The drug is especially effective against streptococci, staphylococci, Morahella, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. The drug contains mupirocin. The ointment is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin using a cotton swab. Then it is covered with a bandage. This antibiotic helps quickly for skin infections on the face.

The most common reactions to the use of antibacterial ointments are dry skin and an allergic reaction in the form of itching and rash.

Atopic dermatitis - symptoms and causes of the disease

Atopic dermatitis, in our time, has become a fairly common disease, which in most cases occurs in infants and adolescents. This disease is also known under other names: neurodermatitis or infantile eczema. In recent years, this pathology has acquired large-scale proportions, but only 40 years ago it was quite rare, especially in adults. Neurodermatitis is a consequence of the general allerization of the population, and the use of a huge variety of chemicals in everyday life.

Atopic dermatitis is a non-contagious, chronic skin disease that is accompanied by periods of exacerbation and remission.

During an exacerbation, the patient experiences the following symptoms:

shiny, flesh-colored plaques appear on the body, arms and legs;
severe skin itching occurs;
the skin is dry and flaky.

With a passive course of the disease, the patient may experience:

cracks and slight peeling on the skin behind the ears;
cheilitis (seals in the corners of the lips);
on the upper eyelids, the skin is red and slightly peeling;
crack in the middle of the lower lip.

The causes of the disease are very diverse. Atopic dermatitis can occur:

due to the hereditary characteristics of the body;
with poor nutrition;
due to nervous exhaustion and constant stress;
if you have allergies or bronchial asthma;
due to prolonged use of medications, etc.

Phases of atopic dermatitis

The disease has its own distinctive features, which depend on age factors, so doctors conventionally distinguish 3 phases:

Infant
. The first signs of pathology appear 1.5–2 months after birth. The rash initially appears on the child’s face, in the forehead and cheeks. Over time, the rash affects the limbs, trunk and buttocks.
Children's room This phase affects children in the age group from 1.5 to 14–15 years. At the early stage of atopic dermatitis, edematous plaques of a reddish hue may appear on the child’s body. The rash causes severe itching, and due to scratching, crusts form on the epidermis. The rash is localized on the bends of the limbs (elbows, knees), and also often affects the neck, hands and thoracic region of the body. After a while, children's skin clears of rashes, and only the folds of the upper and lower extremities remain the affected areas.
Adult . Most often, atopic dermatitis in adults is associated with hereditary factors. This phase includes adults and adolescent children. Location of skin rashes: forearms, neck, chest, wrists. On the face, the rash affects the forehead and the epidermis around the mouth. Rashes all over the body may indicate a severe stage of the disease.

Why do acne appear?

Before prescribing antibiotics for acne on the face and back, a specialist must determine the cause of the rash. So, most often skin problems are caused by the following factors:

imbalance in the hormonal system, which is most typical during puberty;
disruptions in the functioning of the endocrine system;
diseases of the digestive system;
thickening of the epidermis as a result of a lack of vitamins or exposure to aggressive substances;
imbalance of skin microflora;
constant stress and weakened immunity;
high air temperature, which contributes to the spread of infection and intensification of rashes.