Genital warts in women. Photos, causes, stages, tests, treatment

Genital warts are the most common sexually transmitted disease and a symptom of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a very common and highly contagious skin infection.

Although HPV has more than 100 different types, 90% of all cases of genital warts are not visually apparent, and only 10% of those infected with the virus will develop visible warts.

Even if they are unaware of its presence, most sexually active people will become infected with HPV at some point in their lives. The human papillomavirus is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, oral, vaginal, and anal sex.

Genital condyloma on the skin of the penis in men photo

Genital warts in women photo

Due to the fact that warts do not cause harm to the human body, there is still no cure for HPV, but there are ways to get rid of warts rather than the virus itself. We will describe the methods below.

Professor, doctor Stepanov V.S.:

Scientists around the world are sounding the alarm: most of the adult population of the planet is infected with the dangerous human papillomavirus.
However, most do not even know about it. Just think - warts on the hands, think - some kind of “dangles” on the neck or chest, in the end, they can be removed, and there will be no trace of these cosmetic defects. However, not everything is so simple when it comes to the human papillomavirus. The next fact is that you can get rid of warts, condylomas, and papillomas! The only medicine that is officially recommended by the Ministry of Health and my colleagues and I use one drug, it affects the cause of the disease.

To learn more

Causes and symptoms of condylomas on the neck

The human papillomavirus has infected 80% of the world's population and is the cause of one of the most common diseases. There are more than 120 types of HPV, and all of them contribute to the development of various neoplasms on the skin and mucous membranes. This virus is the culprit of the appearance of condyloma in the armpits, on the neck, face, on the sides of the body, in intimate places, on the chest, arms, soles of the feet and other places. These neoplasms differ in their appearance, degree of oncogenicity and symptoms.

The reason why growths appear on the neck has not yet been studied by scientists and doctors. However, it is a reliable and verified fact that HPV infection and the appearance of condylomas, papillomas and warts on the body directly depend on the state of the human immune system.

There are three forms of the disease:

Form	Characteristic
1. Latent.

The location of the growths and the type of growths themselves depend on the type of HPV. You can become infected with this pathogen in several ways:

• the sexual method is the most common (the type of sexual contact is not important: vaginal, oral, anal). The possibility of becoming a target of a pathogen with a sick partner is 100%;
• mother-to-child transmission of the virus ranks second;
• the household method also has a high probability of HPV infection. The use of personal hygiene items (towels, washcloths) by a sick patient entails the transmission of the pathogen to a healthy person;
• the contact method represents the possibility of infection through close contact with the affected areas of the skin of a sick person (even a handshake is not excluded if there are condylomas on the palms).

It is believed that the contact and household method of HPV infection is the cause of papillomas on the neck.

The main symptoms are the presence of formations in the form of hanging moles or, as they are also called, plaques. Neoplasms can be single, but more often there are multiple growths that cause aesthetic discomfort to the patient.

In addition to the cosmetic problem, there is a high probability of injury to the growths from clothing collars, scarves and during hygiene procedures (rubbing with a washcloth, shaving in men). Trauma to the growths can lead to inflammation of the affected area. Condylomas in the neck area are benign formations that do not cause pain, itching or other symptoms. It has been noticed that women are more often affected by these growths, especially during pregnancy. A child can get HPV from a sick mother during childbirth, or through close contact with a sick person.

Causes of occurrence in women

The causative agents of the disease are papillomaviruses, united in the group of HPV - human papillomavirus. There are over 190 serotypes, but the most common are strains 6, 11, 16, 18. Genital warts are most often caused by variants 6 and 11, which have the lowest risk of degeneration into a malignant neoplasm.

Routes of transmission of the virus:

• Sexual contact. It is the main route of distribution. The probability of infection through unprotected sexual intercourse with a carrier or a sick person is up to 70%.
• When a fetus passes through the birth canal of an infected woman.
• Very rarely - through kisses, household objects, in public baths.

In order for the disease to manifest itself clinically, certain conditions must be created for the reproduction of the infectious agent.

Risk factors include:

• decreased local and general immunity (immunodeficiency states);
• early onset of sexual activity;
• frequent sexual relations with various partners;
• close contacts with people infected with HPV;
• smoking, alcohol and drug abuse;
• violation of vaginal microflora;
• inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system (endometriosis, colpitis and others);
• autoimmune diseases;
• long-term use of glucocorticosteroids, cytostatics;
• dysfunction of the endocrine system: diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism;
• pregnancy;
• lack of vitamins.

Types of condylomas

There are several types of skin tumors:

1. Condylomas acuminata are characterized by a special shape, from which they get their name. The virus is transmitted through unprotected sex. As a rule, multiple growths are located mainly in intimate places in men and women. Less common on the mucous membranes of the lips and in the oral cavity (if infected during oral sex). Neoplasms on an oblong stalk, localized in one place, resemble a cauliflower inflorescence.
2. Flat warts most often “like” to appear on the face, neck, hands, and genitals of both sexes. Manifestations on the skin can be single or multiple. They are characterized by the fact that they practically do not rise above the epidermis.
3. Common warts are often localized on the hands, fingers, toes, and palms. Their characteristic feature is an elevation above the skin level and a keratinized surface.
4. Filiform condylomas tend to appear on delicate skin where there are folds. Favorite places for such warts:

• upper eyelids;
• armpits;
• neck;
• under the breasts of women;
• groin area.

The latter type of tumors, caused by HPV infection, are considered to be the same condylomas on the neck that create cosmetic problems for many women. After all, they appear mainly on open areas of the body.

What are condylomas?

The entire list of condylomas are growths that are flesh-colored and have the appearance of warts.

They usually develop in the following places:

Condylomas around the anus

• Anal area;
• Genital area.

The presence of condylomas in other places is much less often detected. The growths are dangerous because of the likelihood of their transformation into oncology. Condylomas multiply when the immune system is weakened; ultraviolet radiation provokes their development.

There are condylomas of different configurations and sizes. They usually grow to a size of several millimeters.

In women, condylomas at the initial stage of development are located at a distance relative to each other, but after active reproduction the growths merge, becoming large formations - condylomatosis develops.

Condylomas are classified into two categories:

• Flat;

  
  Flat condylomas

• Pointed (exophytic).

  
  Genital condyloma on the finger

It is easier to recognize pointed growths: they are clearly visible to the naked eye. But flat formations are much more difficult to diagnose. Therefore, as soon as a doctor during an examination discovers condylomas on the labia minora in women or on the penis of men, he is obliged to scrupulously examine the areas adjacent to the genitals.

Video about the initial stage and symptoms of condylomas

Treatment

Therapy for all types of condylomas, warts, and papillomas consists of fighting the virus in the body of an infected person. Treatment necessarily consists of two stages:

1. Removal of growths on the skin and/or mucous membrane, which will contribute to a quantitative reduction of the pathogen and ensure the restoration of the appearance of the affected areas.
2. Internal therapy with drugs to destroy HPV in the blood. In parallel with anti-inflammatory medications, the attending physician prescribes vitamin complexes to support the immune system and increase the body's resistance.

Local treatment and general therapy are carried out simultaneously to achieve a high effect.

In order to remove condylomas on the neck, one of the different types is used:

• cryotherapy:
• laser excision;
• radio wave removal;
• chemical destruction;
• electrocoagulation;
• medicinal local treatment.

Features of examination in pregnant women

Screening pregnant women for syphilis is considered mandatory. It is carried out to identify or confirm the disease and determine the stage of its development.

A blood test (Wassermann reaction) is performed three times:

• at the time of registration;
• at the thirtieth week of pregnancy;
• at the thirty-eighth week or at the time of admission to the maternity hospital.

The material is collected from the ulnar vein; it is better to take the test on an empty stomach. There is no need to prepare for the procedure, but it is advisable to stop taking any medications and fatty fried foods one day before.

Analysis is deciphered based on several indicators. The answer is given in the form of “positive/negative reaction”. During pregnancy, a false positive reaction becomes possible in 1.5% of cases. To compile an objective picture, laboratory tests are prescribed. If additional tests do not make it possible to confirm a positive reaction, the pregnant woman is prescribed therapy to prevent the development of congenital syphilis in the child. The danger of this form of the disease lies in the fact that even after the pathogen is destroyed, all congenital changes remain in the body of a newly born child. This often leads to disability. That is why a pregnant woman is examined three times throughout the entire stage of gestation.

What to remove on the neck

Let's look at each method of removing tumors on the neck in more detail to make it easier to choose one of them:

At this stage of the disease, infection does not manifest itself in any external manifestations. However, the DNA of the virus can be detected through molecular biological analysis. Such infected people need constant monitoring of the epidermis of the mucous membranes of hard-to-reach places, such as the cervix, vagina, and labia minora. If HPV is detected, but there are no clinical manifestations of the virus, the immune system should be supported.

2. Subclinical.

With this form of the disease, the patient experiences the presence of neoplasms that are practically invisible during a routine medical examination. There are also no symptoms. However, when performing cytological or histological studies, changes in tissue cells are detected.

3. Clinical.

This stage is characterized by the obvious presence of various types of neoplasms, depending on the type of human papillomavirus.

Way

· oxolinic ointment 3%;

· super celandine (acid based);

How to treat genital warts in women? Removal of candilomatosis at home and in the clinic

Condylomas are one of the external manifestations of human papillomavirus infection. Small colorless warts occupy the mucous membranes of the female genital organs and can provoke the growth of cancer cells.

There are two main types of condylomas: genital (candylomatosis) and flat . The appearance of genital warts resembles cauliflower inflorescences. The favorite place for these growths is the vaginal area .

In today's article we will look at candilomatosis (genital warts in women), treatment, photos and prevention.

Symptoms and methods of infection

Most often, the process of development of condylomas is asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to detect infection. In cases where the number of rashes has increased, a woman may feel some discomfort .

For example, a burning sensation occurs if the growths are located in the anus. Some varieties may emit a specific smelling liquid.

Human papillomavirus is usually
transmitted through direct sexual contact . However, there are cases of infection through domestic means, or during childbirth from mother to child.

The impetus for the development of infection in the body and the appearance of warty formations can be the following factors:

• decreased immunity;
• taking antibiotics;
• frequent stress and depression;
• exhaustion of the body caused by strict diets.

Consultation with a specialist: to be or not to be

Like any other disease, human papillomavirus infection is best diagnosed in the early stages . It is impossible to do this on your own, so you will have to get used to the idea that a visit to the gynecologist is inevitable.

The procedure of colposcopy , as well as smear analysis for cytology, will help to identify foci of infection .
In cases where condylomas have already appeared, you should visit a doctor as soon as possible. Only a specialist will be able to determine the stage of development of the disease and select the most effective method for removing condylomas. The papilloma virus is incurable , therefore the only possible measures to combat the disease are the removal of genital warts in women on the mucous membranes and strengthening the immune system.
The most effective way to remove condylomas is medical therapy. In cases where the number of rashes is not so large, pharmaceutical preparations can be used.

Photo

Here you can look at photos of genital warts in women; the treatment of these growths is described below.

List and rules for using ointments

If genital warts appear in the intimate area in women, treatment at home is possible. But only at an early stage .
Next, we will learn how to treat genital warts in women using special ointments.

Salicylic ointment

The drug is used 2 times a day and applied directly to the lesion.

To avoid feelings of discomfort, it is not recommended to rub .

The course of treatment with this drug can be up to 1 month.

Oxolinic ointment

This drug suppresses viral activity , promoting the destruction of condylomas.

The product is applied directly to the rash, as well as to the adjacent area of ​​intact mucosa.

The procedure is performed 2-3 times a day. The total treatment period is from 2 weeks to 2 months.

Viferon

The ointment contains ascorbic acid, which has an antiviral and immunomodulatory effect. The product can be used against any type of papillomas .

Let's figure out how to treat genital warts in women with Viferon. Condylomas are lubricated with the substance 3-4 times a day for a week.

Viferon can be used during pregnancy . The only contraindication for use is individual intolerance to the constituent components.

Panavir

The main quality of the ointment is its immunostimulating effect , thanks to which the body suppresses relapses of infection.

The product is applied to the mucous membranes affected by condylomas 3 to 5 times a day.

Treatment with Panavir can last from 7 to 10 days. The drug is available in the form of ointment, gel and solution for injection.

Riodoxol

The ointment is used for fungal and papillomavirus infections.

Treatment with the drug lasts about a month.

During this time, the product is rubbed into the lesions 1-3 times a day.

Condylox, Condilin, Condyline

The main active component of these drugs is podophyllotoxin . The substance prevents cell division inside condylomas , causing tissue necrosis. The course of treatment is up to 5 weeks.

The products are used for 3 days according to the following scheme : 2 times a day with a break between procedures of 12 hours. Then there is a four-day break, after which everything starts all over again.

All products are available in the form of creams and solutions.
The choice of the type of drug is agreed with the attending physician. Drugs in this group are toxic , so applying the drug to areas adjacent to papillomas can cause severe irritation of the mucous membrane.

In order to suppress the activity of a viral infection and strengthen the immune system, a specialist may prescribe additional medications for oral administration. Most often this is:

• "Groprinosin";
• "Cycloferon";
• "Lycopid".

Traditional methods against HPV

Sometimes, if the papillomavirus is not pronounced and does not form a large number of condylomas, it is possible to remove genital warts in women using folk remedies, which we will discuss below.

Celandine

The juice of this plant is quite poisonous and can cause tissue necrosis of condylomas.
In order to start the process, it is enough to lubricate the affected areas with celandine juice several times a day , observing the further reaction of the body.

An alcohol tincture of this plant also has a good effect.

Onion and garlic

Old familiar vegetables have also proven themselves as fighters against viral lesions of the mucous membrane. In order to get rid of condylomas, you can apply garlic slices , and also lubricate them with the juice of this plant.

Onions are used as follows : the head is soaked in vinegar for several hours. Then they cut it, fixing its inner side at the places where papillomas accumulate.

Rowan and Kalanchoe berries

Rowan or Kalanchoe gruel helps get rid of warts as quickly as possible.

The fruits or leaves of the plants are crushed and used as a lotion.

Egg

For this method, you must use only fresh and homemade product.

The protein part is removed from the egg and applied to the lesions.

The procedure must be carried out several times a day.

What to do if you couldn’t cope on your own?

In cases where the process of spreading the virus has gone too far, new genital warts appear in women, removal of external formations must be carried out in the clinic.

There are several most common methods for removing genital warts in women.

Laser removal

A local anesthesia procedure is first performed.
The laser destroys condyloma tissue, killing all bacteria in the affected area. In general, the operation takes no more than 15 minutes. The main advantage of the method is that after such an operation the risk of scarring is minimal.

Radio wave method

The specificity of the method is the targeted effect on condylomas with high-frequency waves.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia with minimal blood loss.

After the radio wave method, the appearance of residual scars is eliminated.

Painful sensations are reduced to a minimum.

Cryodestruction

Removal of growths using nitric acid is carried out in cases where there are few condylomas. It is believed that the method does not guarantee protection against a repeated outbreak of virus activity, therefore, after it, the use of immunostimulants is especially important.

How to warn?

It is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it later. This stated truth also applies to papillomavirus.

The main preventive measures for the appearance of condylomas remain
strengthening the immune system , as well as a healthy lifestyle .
It must be remembered that chronic fatigue, stress, hypothermia and diet abuse undermine the body's defense system. While hardening, internal harmony and proper nutrition help to resist viral attacks.

The modern rhythm of life dictates its own rules, which are not always beneficial to health. Expanding your social circle and sexual liberation cause the transmission of many unpleasant pathogens, among which is HPV .

Remember , even if you completely trust your partner, this is not enough to protect your body from the invasion of the virus. Only constant care for your own health, regular visits to the gynecologist and protected sexual intercourse can guarantee that such an unpleasant phenomenon as condylomas will bypass you.

A dermatologist-oncologist will tell you a little more about genital warts in the next video.

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Preventive methods and prognosis

Human papillomavirus infection is very difficult to prevent. Unless we are talking about genital warts, which can be contracted through unprotected sex and promiscuity. You can protect yourself from the manifestations of HPV in the neck by supporting your immune system. To do this you need:

• lead a healthy lifestyle;
• observe a regime of alternating rest and work;
• Healthy food;
• take vitamin complexes.

Experts have noticed that people with a high ability of the body to resist the virus are not exposed to its manifestations on the skin. And even if they have condylomas or papillomas, they disappear on their own without any therapy. Therefore, the best way to protect yourself from contracting the papilloma virus is to take care of your overall health.

Damage to the body by the human papillomavirus externally manifests itself in the form of papilloma, warts or condyloma. The defects that arise on the skin are harmless, they are based on different parts of the body, and in some variations they can turn into cancerous tumors.

The danger level of a particular growth can be determined by studying the characteristics of each of them.

Causes of perianal condylomas: their treatment

Anal condylomas are a consequence of human infection with human papillomavirus infection and are papillary-type formations, single or focal, located in the perianal plane or directly in the anus.

Types of anal condylomas

These are formations that visually resemble pointed gray-pink papillae, united into islands and randomly scattered in the perianal region, anal canal, or forming daughter colonies in the genital area.

Over time, perianal condylomas grow both “in width”, then, merging, entire conglomerates are formed, and “in height”, which causes the appearance of formations like a large cluster that covers the anus.

The anal condylomas in the photo most closely resemble a cauliflower inflorescence.

Reasons for appearance

The appearance of anal condylomas is the result of the activity of the human papillomavirus, in particular subtypes 6 and 11.

Infection occurs either as a result of unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner, or through contact, during the use of personal belongings of a carrier of the papillomavirus.

Symptoms of the disease

Symptoms depend on the location of the affected areas. So, if the affected area is in the perianal region, then you can palpate it yourself, while neoplasms located in the anal canal cannot be seen or felt, which becomes the reason for the asymptomatic course of the disease.

The main symptoms indicating the possible appearance of condyloma on the anus are as follows:

1. the appearance of itching, burning and discharge in the anal area;
2. pain during bowel movements;
3. unpleasant odor and persistent moisture;
4. a specific foul odor emanating from the body;
5. palpation of formations near the anus;
6. ascertaining the presence of a foreign body directly in the anal canal.

Diagnostics

The disease is diagnosed by a proctologist through an external examination of the perineum, supplemented by a digital examination of the anus and rectum, since even with single condylomas located near the anus, condylomatous lesions can be detected directly in the anal canal.

A mandatory step in making a diagnosis is sigmoidoscopy, as well as clinical tests to detect syphilis or HIV infection - these diseases are also accompanied by the appearance of other types of condylomas.

Treatment of the disease and possible complications

Infection with papillomavirus is determined by the state of the human immune system. If the immune system is weakened, then the proliferation of condyloma colonies will increase exponentially. In this regard, the first stage of treatment involves taking immunostimulants.

Further treatment can be chosen as follows:

• excision, i.e. removal of perianal condylomas using a scalpel or electric knife is performed on an outpatient basis using anesthesia. During the intervention, all large accumulations are excised in one operation, and electrocoagulation is used to prevent the development of postoperative bleeding;
• treatment of single or small groups of condylomas with a solution of condylin or podophyllin. The drug suppresses the activity of condylomas, however, to achieve a stable result, repeated repetitions of the procedure are required.
• laser destruction of perianal condylomas is very effective, but its use is associated with a high probability of re-infection associated with the formation of fine vapors generated during the intervention;
• cryodestruction is complicated by the fact that during the operation it is impossible to accurately calculate the depth of exposure, which can lead to the formation of deep ulcers at the site of attachment of condylomas;
• immunotherapy and the introduction of interferon under the skin at the base of the anal condyloma - drugs represent an excellent alternative to surgical methods.

When treating perianal condylomas, relapses are often observed. This is due to the fact that the disease cannot be cured by eliminating local manifestations of the virus. Therefore, therapy should be long-term and complex, including the use of immunomodulators, antiviral drugs, and removal of anal warts.

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Condyloma and papilloma - manifestations of HPV

The disease (appearance of condylomas and papillomas) manifests itself in various forms:

1. Hidden – in the patient’s body, the disease can take an asymptomatic form – occur without the manifestation of symptoms. The presence of this disease can only be determined using PCR, in a laboratory clinical study.
2. Episomal - condylomas and papillomas appear on the surface of the skin, at this moment there is an increased division of cells in the main layer of the skin. Due to repeated division, growths are organized in areas of the body. The process is considered a mechanism for protecting the infected organism, which consists in forcibly stopping the reproduction of the virus by keratinization of cells. Treatment during this period can be limited to the drug “oxolinic ointment”.
3. Neoplasia - the integration of HPV has led to a change in the standard cell structure and affected the surface layers of the epithelium.
4. Carcinoma - as with typical neoplasia, the formation cells degenerate into a malignant form, with further development of the tumor. Formation can occur anywhere, most often on the cervix in females.

Description

• common wart - up to 10 mm in size, growths with clearly defined boundaries, rounded or irregular in shape, with an uneven surface and a color range from yellow to gray-black;
• plantar wart (spike) - formation occurs on the soles, over time (from walking) they thicken, become rough, distinguished from calluses (corns) by droplets of blood when cutting off the top of the growth (differentiated diagnosis);
• filamentous - located on the eyelid, lip, face and neck, with thin elongated threads;
• juvenile wart (flat) - affects young people and children, grows on the face and is perceived as a smooth nodule of a yellowish-brown color;
• condyloma - resembles a soft nodule of a reddish-brown hue, fixed on the genitals with the help of a thin stalk.

Neoplasms can appear in a single or multiple form, resemble cauliflower in appearance and are localized under the hair, cervical region and lower part of the face in males.

In some cases, when HPV is negative, but there are condylomas, this is the first sign of sexually transmitted diseases.

Causes of genital warts in men and methods of treatment

Genital warts are warts on the genitals formed as a result of the activity of the papillomavirus. At the end of the incubation period, which ranges from several weeks to 3 years, the affected cells begin to change. This is how new growths appear on the skin.

Causes of condylomatosis in men

Infection with the human papillomavirus occurs through household contact and sexual contact. It happens that trusted partners are carriers of the virus and are not aware of the parasitic strain in the body. This happens due to the ability of the pathogen to remain in a latent, that is, sleeping form for a long time.

Since the main cause of the formation of genital warts is considered to be sexual contact with an infected partner, protection against infection is the use of high-quality condoms.

Inexpensive contraceptives have large pores, and through them the strain easily penetrates into areas of the mucosa injured during sexual intercourse. Subsequently, HPV makes itself felt by the appearance of warts at the injection site.

The impetus for the appearance of specific rashes is usually a sharp deterioration in the condition of the immune system. Therefore, if a person leads a healthy lifestyle and does not suffer from serious illnesses, he may not be aware of his own carriage of the virus. Factors that trigger the pathological mechanism are:

• stress;
• avitaminosis;
• bad habits;
• regular lack of sleep;
• poor nutrition;
• sudden hypothermia/overheating of the body.

The intensity of the development of the disease depends on the degree of weakness of the immune system.

By what signs are genital warts recognized?

Genital warts in men may have a different clinical picture - it all depends on the specific organism. The most serious lesion is the situation when genital warts cover the internal cavities of the urethra, the anus and perineum, as well as the genital organ itself.

The first symptoms of genital warts are represented by single or multiple growths on the head and body of the penis. They may also surround the anus and appear in the mouth. The latter option develops as a consequence of oral-anal caresses, leading to infection of these anatomical zones.

In their appearance, the neoplasms resemble ridge-like growths of a pointed shape. They are attached to the mucous membrane or skin using a thin stalk. In the photo, genital warts in men look like cauliflower. Their shade often matches the natural color of the skin. In general, the appearance of genital warts differs little from patient to patient.

As for the size of the neoplasms, in single elements they do not go beyond a few millimeters. But when they grow together, they are capable of forming arrays reaching tens of centimeters.

Patients usually do not complain of discomfort. The only exceptions are injuries to growths, accompanied by pain and bleeding. Burning and pain during bowel movements and sexual intercourse are also explained by injury.

Local treatment of condylomas

Therapy for condylomatosis includes lubricating the growths with special medications. Thus, Podophyllotoxin (Condilin) ​​has a destructive effect on neoplasm tissue.

Use it for 3 days, using an applicator to apply the substance (it is attached to the drug). The treatment is carried out 2 times. per day. Then, according to the instructions, take a break and repeat the course.

The medicine is very effective for the treatment of condylomas in men - the formations begin to disappear after about a week. Burning and mild itching are side effects of its use.

Interferon gives good results in treating the disease . The medication is used for intramuscular administration and lubrication of the affected area.

But when treated with Interferon, flu symptoms may occur:

• chills;
• malaise;
• weakness;
• temperature increase;
• headache, etc.

The drug Imiquimod (Aldara cream) is used for local treatment of genital warts for only 3 rubles. in Week.

It is recommended to perform the procedure at night, and in the morning wash off the product with plenty of soapy water. The manipulations are repeated until the growths completely disappear. The maximum course of treatment is 4 months.

The drug Condilin causes necrosis of neoplasm tissue. When using it, it is important to avoid contact with healthy surfaces. Treatment is carried out for 3 days by lubricating the growths in the morning and evening. Then take a 4-day break and continue treatment.

Reducing genital warts using witchcraft methods

Traditional treatment of genital warts in men has 2 goals:

• strengthening the immune system;
• elimination of warts by local action.

To fulfill the first point, traditional healers recommend drinking the following remedies:

1. infusion of calendula inflorescences, prepared by brewing 1 tbsp. l. raw materials in a glass of boiling water;
2. burdock infusion (400 ml of boiling water, pour over 2 tsp of dry product, drink it 4 times a day, ½ cup);
3. lemon balm tea is brewed from 2 tbsp. l. herbs and 300 g of hot water.

Removal of condylomas in a clinical setting is carried out by cauterizing the growths with liquid nitrogen, high-frequency electric current or special chemicals. The patient is also offered laser destruction and radiosurgical removal - innovative techniques that do not cause bleeding or scarring.

In order to remove the external manifestations of condylomatosis, the following procedures are carried out:

• for a month, rub the warts with a piece of apple up to 6 times a day;
• rub the condylomas with a clove of garlic or onion paste;
• apply applications from the peel of a ripe banana;
• drip celandine juice onto the warts;
• Apply compresses from grated potatoes and Kalanchoe leaves cut lengthwise.

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Causes

The growths are formed under the influence of HPV that has entered the patient’s body and is called “papillomatosis.” It is believed that about 80% of the population is infected with the papilloma virus, but only 20% of the disease manifests itself externally. Skin formations can occur due to:

• human immunodeficiency - congenital or acquired;
• stable stressful situations;
• influenza virus;
• treatment with cytostatics;
• taking a group of antibiotics;
• treatment with anti-inflammatory non-steroidal medications;
• use of hormones;
• use of oral contraception;
• chronic lack of vitamins and minerals in the body;
• urogenital diseases in chronic form;
• the presence of herpes simplex virus (type 2).

Danger of pathology

Many patients underestimate the danger of warts. However, they often become the causes of female infertility, as they are located on the cervix and interfere with the passage of sperm. Another danger awaits a woman during childbirth. Condylomas are injured as the fetus moves through the birth canal, which can lead to bleeding. In addition, the mother infects the child, and he will be infected with HPV from birth.

The most serious complication is the ability of flat condylomas to malignize (degenerate into cancer). Atypical cells penetrate into the deep layers of the epithelium, causing cervical dysplasia and carcinoma.

What percentage of flat condylomas develop into cancer? This is usually observed in 6% of patients; oncology develops within two years after the formation of warts. Therefore, doctors consider them to be harbingers of cancer and always recommend undergoing a full examination.

Differences between papilloma and condyloma

Condylomas papillomas are manifestations of the same virus, with different structures of neoplasms and different courses of the disease. The main differences between papilloma and condyloma.

Condyloma

What do condylomas look like? A benign neoplasm of the skin caused by papillomavirus types 6 or 11. According to medical data, condyloma more often changes from a normal form to a malignant form. The main location is the genitals, the area of ​​the anus (anus), in rare cases - near the oral cavity.

It is characterized by multiple rashes (formation of colonies); with further spread, they can merge into large lesions. When found on the mucous surfaces of the genital organs, they have the shape of a cock's comb.

In their structure, condylomas resemble multiple villi, fused together at the base. The color of the growth is reddish or brownish, and when touched it is softer and more delicate, unlike papillomas.

Why are genital warts dangerous? Condyloma is considered more contagious and is capable of reappearing, despite treatment (oxolinic ointment is used). Differentiated into three subspecies:

• pointed;
• intraepithelial;
• flat.

Removal of condylomas is mandatory to reduce the risk of a normal growth developing into a malignant tumor. Treatment requires comprehensive treatment; in addition to removing growths, oxolinic ointment is used. The main difference between condylomas and papillomas is their location and external signs.

A person who notices specific growths on his intimate places can try self-treatment using a cream that removes this cosmetic defect. Oxolinic ointment is a specific remedy that helps cure many viral diseases.

Papilloma

It is a harmless neoplasm, caused by human papillomavirus types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, and is not considered a risk group for the formation of a malignant tumor. It is a cosmetic defect, the papilloma is located:

• in the mouth;
• on the lips;
• on the skin of the eyelids;
• on the chest;
• in the neck area;
• in the armpit;
• in rare cases - on the genitals.

What do the growths look like? The size of papillomas reaches 1 cm (the largest representatives), in appearance they resemble cauliflower, dense to the touch, round, lumpy neoplasms on a thin stalk. Color spectrum:

Papillomas differ from condylomas in that when immunity is normalized, they can disappear on their own; treatment is not required (in 20% of cases). Oxolinic ointment is used as an adjuvant, which has a good antiviral effect.

Features of condylomas

There are two types of condylomas - pointed growths and wide ones. The first type appears when infected with HPV, and wide growths are one of the symptoms of syphilis.

Places of localization of condylomas are mucous membranes, mainly of the urogenital area, as well as skin folds that are subject to friction against clothing.

The structure of genital warts is papillary. The formations are attached to a thin stalk, the growth is fed through small vessels and capillaries. Unlike papillomas, condylomas often become inflamed, and ulceration of the body of the growth is possible.

Genital warts are caused by 16, 18, 54 strains of the virus. These types of HPV are potentially dangerous, especially for women. There is a direct relationship between these types of virus and the development of cervical cancer. Infection occurs through sexual contact.

The appearance of condylomas and papillomas without HPV

Genital warts tend to appear on the surface of the skin in certain variants, even if HPV is not detected during diagnosis. Condylomas without HPV in intimate places are a sign of diseases transmitted exclusively through sexual contact:

Detected syphilis of the second stage is characterized by condylomas that involve the groin area, anus (skin around it), and the area between the buttocks. Syphilitic condyloma is no different from condyloma resulting from HPV; a different disease can only be diagnosed using specialized tests for venereal disease (Wassermann reaction).

Condylomas acuminata, unlike papilloma, do not appear when:

• micropapillomatosis;
• papular necklace in males;
• fusion of the remnants of the hymen.

People who have discovered the above problems do not have to worry, this is not a manifestation of papillomaviruses - treatment in this case is not necessary.

Treatment of genital warts

The disease is treated by dermatologists and venereologists.

The doctor must determine exactly whether the growth is genital warts or a sign of another disease

Genital warts must be differentiated from condylomas lata, characteristic of secondary syphilis.

In addition, diseases such as molluscum contagiosum and lichen planus have similar manifestations.

Diagnosing genital warts is not difficult.

This is carried out on the basis of patient complaints, external examination and tests.

The specialist examines the condition of the patient’s skin and mucous membranes.

If necessary, a test is done with 5% acetic acid.

To differentiate condyloma from other growths, take a cotton swab or napkin.

They are moistened with acetic acid and applied to the affected area.

If the neoplasm is a condyloma, after five to ten minutes it becomes whitish in color.

Detection of genital warts is a reason to get tested for syphilis and HIV.

If a specialist suspects the possibility of cancer, a biopsy may be prescribed.

Removing growths does not reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

Remember! If a woman has previously been diagnosed with genital warts, she needs to visit a doctor every year.

It is necessary to regularly take smears from the cervical canal for cytology.

This will help stop the cancer process in time.

Prevention

• spend more time in the fresh air;
• normalize the diet;
• draw up a clear daily schedule, eliminate lack of sleep;
• strengthen the immune system with physical exercise, initially physical exercise is enough;
• consume your daily fluid intake;
• to refuse from bad habits.

We should not forget that if you follow the rules of sexual behavior (do not enter into single relationships, use personal protective equipment), the principles of personal hygiene (refuse to use shared items - towels, washcloths, razors), the risk of HPV infection is significantly reduced.

Methods of treatment and prevention

Syphilis is a very complex and multifaceted disease that has stages with various manifestations and complications. Treatment is divided into internal and external. The first is aimed at destroying Treponema pallidum in the patient’s body through a course of medication. External therapy involves the removal of condylomas lata from the surface of the skin and mucous membrane.

Neoplasms due to syphilis on the vulva or male penis after a course of drug treatment may disappear without additional therapy. But in most cases they remain on the skin, causing aesthetic discomfort to patients. There are a number of ways to remove syphilitic warts:

• cryodestruction (freezing of tumors using liquid nitrogen);
• laser surgery (burning out condylomas with a laser beam);
• treatment with radio waves (excision of formations using a radio knife);
• chemical destruction (exposure to warts with acid solutions);
• traditional surgery (rarely used, only for extensive lesions or when the patient has contraindications to other methods).

Prevention of the appearance of genital warts is protected sex and avoidance of casual relationships.
You should not share household items with an infected person, limit contact with the patient, and do not have sexual intercourse. The article has been verified by the editors

It is important to know!

Baba Nina about Russia: “Thunder will strike in October 2021 and money will fall from the sky.

Condylomas and papillomas are peculiar growths that are caused by a virus. The tendency to contract this disease (HPV) is present in the body of every person. Until a certain moment, he does not manifest himself in any way. But in case of illness and decreased immunity, processes of various shapes can appear on the skin of the entire body. The reason for the formation is considered to be a decrease in immunity. A person can often detect their presence during hygiene procedures.

Syphilitic condylomas lata

Since the first period of syphilis is practically asymptomatic in most cases, and the symptoms that can be seen in the photos illustrating the primary form often go unnoticed, the appearance of signs of the secondary period of the disease is not at all uncommon. Most often, skin manifestations, in particular syphilitic condylomas, indicate that this unpleasant disease is progressing in the human body.

It should be noted that condylomas themselves are, by and large, harmless neoplasms that do not pose a danger to humans. However, their variety - wide formations - is a signal that the venereal disease has entered the second stage of its development, and therefore changes begin in the body that can cause a lot of trouble.

Even if a person has syphilis, condylomas lata do not always occur. According to doctors, this problem occurs in every tenth (according to other sources - in every fifth) patient with this diagnosis. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of those who were diagnosed with syphilitic condylomas, as the photo clearly demonstrates, are female. Condylomas with syphilis can most often be found on the genitals, less often on the inner thighs.

Wide formations of this type begin with the appearance of a weeping rash. Further, the elements of the rash grow and unite with each other. At the same time, even in the photo it is clearly visible that they are covered with a whitish coating, however, the photo cannot show that when pressed, serous fluid is released from the condyloma lata. The most important task of the doctor is to differentiate broad formations from pointed ones, which are provoked by ordinary viruses, as well as from hemorrhoids. To do this, first of all you need to pay attention to the leg: for pointed ones it is long and thin, for wide ones it is thick and short. Such formations are hard to the touch, while pointed ones are usually soft. At the same time, the color also differs significantly: from bright red to purple with a bluish tint. The diameter of condylomas with syphilis can be quite large - up to two centimeters. A healthy person can become infected by simply touching condylomas, since the liquid contained inside contains the causative agent of the disease, so for a detailed study it will be safer to familiarize yourself with the photo.

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Papillomas and condylomas: what is the difference?

Before starting treatment for growths, you need to understand which specific group of the disease is present in a person. The main difference between condylomas and papillomas is that the papillomavirus is harmless to the human body, and its predecessor can be malignant (contribute to the development of a cancerous tumor). The processes of the first type are most often located in the following areas of the skin: • In the mouth; • On the chest; • On the eyelid; • In the area of ​​the armpits; • On the neck. Condylomas on the face and body have a peculiar color: pink, brown, yellow or white. Such outgrowths are small in size (up to 1 centimeter), dense to the touch with rounded edges. The virus often spreads in the following areas of the human body: • On the genitals (genital); • Less often near the anus; • Near the oral cavity. This disease has a characteristic method of reproduction, namely in groups of growths. With subsequent spread, the lesions merge into large single lesions.

Symptoms

In women, the disease occurs latently due to the specific location of condylomas. It is possible to detect warts on the cervix by chance - during a routine examination. However, if the process is in an advanced stage, the following symptoms appear:

• Burning, itching in the vagina.
• Unhealthy discharge.
• Unpleasant sensations during sexual intercourse.

In men, it is much easier to detect flat condylomas. However, patients do not attach importance to warts and consult a doctor when the growths combine to form one large lesion, worsening the appearance of the organ.

In addition to an aesthetic defect, warts cause pain, itching, and burning. If condylomas are localized in the urethra, the man will experience discomfort when urinating.

Types of condylomas and papillomas and how they differ

Warts, papillomas, condylomas are divided into two groups of formations: • Wide; • Pointed. The first type, when growing on the neck or other part of the body, resembles the shape of a mushroom with a thick stalk. This type often occurs when a person becomes ill with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. Condylomas lata on the face can also appear and grow. Pointed processes (called papillomatosis) have their own varieties: • red or brown in color and grow on the site of keratinized skin. They are also called papillary warts and papillomas. • similar in type to broccoli and located on the mucous membranes. They are called keratotic growths or genital growths. • fast-growing outgrowths are called giant. They are characterized by large size and rapid growth. • Endourethral. Found in men on the urethra.

general information

Condylomas are a benign tumor formation that is “located” on the epidermis or mucous tissues and looks like warts and papillae. Single specimens (about 7 mm) or entire “colonial formations” (up to several tens of mm) of condylomas settle on the body of women and men and often resemble cauliflower in appearance. The color of these substances ranges from flesh-colored to brown. Condylomas are viral in nature, so such problems can even occur in children (during childbirth from an infected mother). As long as the growth has not reached the epidermis, the person does not pose a threat to others; the risk of infection increases if the growths are located in the epidermal layer. Condylomas are usually divided into two types:

• wide;
• pointed.

In the first case, condylomas in women and men look like a mushroom with a cap and a wide stalk and are most often a consequence of secondary stage syphilis. Condylomas of the genital type are transmitted through sexual relations; the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is activated under certain conditions, is involved in their appearance. The main location of genital warts is the genitals and oral cavity. Condylomas in women settle on the outer and inner parts of the labia, in the vagina, clitoris and anus. Warts and papillary growths in men select the glans penis and frenulum of the foreskin.

Which ones are more dangerous?

The most common question from infected people is “What is the difference between papillomas and condylomas?” As mentioned earlier, the first variant of the disease is safer and more gentle when affecting the human body. The second virus has the dangerous property of causing the spread of cancer cells. Genital warts that appear on the face, as well as all other types of formations, have differences in the mechanism of appearance. This is precisely the main answer to the question of how to distinguish papilloma from condyloma. First, the site of damage becomes the zone where the stratified epithelium turns into columnar epithelium. The first disease develops in the body outside the chromosomes. This is the main reason for the benign quality of the process. Varieties of the second virus, in turn, develop directly in the chromosomes, which causes cancer. Not long ago it was proven that the appearance of these outgrowths is closely related to cervical cancer. Timely diagnosis and removal are guaranteed to reduce the risk of developing a terrible disease. The growths can be located not only on the outer part of the skin, but also on the internal genital organs: on the neck and on it itself. Since the formations inside the body receive sufficient nutrition, they grow quickly and rapidly. Outwardly, it is easy to understand the difference between condylomas and papillomas. The former have a uniform structure, while the latter have papillary forms in women and men. Also, the main difference between these two types of cancers is the color of the growth. The second type of growths usually do not differ from flesh color, while the first ones can have up to five different colors and their own characteristics. Formations HPV is transmitted through everyday contact through handshakes (if there are cuts, abrasions and other minor injuries), when using the same hygiene items. The second type of cancer is transmitted exclusively through sexual contact. The processes caused by this disease do not increase in size and do not become inflamed (only in case of injury). The second group of neoplasms, in turn, become inflamed and grow in size. The shape of the two cancers also has its own differences: the first one mainly has the shape of a round or oval papilla on a soft stalk. The second type of disease does not have a regular shape and is located in groups of several on one area of ​​the skin. The pointed growths on the face taper from the stem to the end, which strikingly distinguishes them from the previous type of virus. In any case, both types of cancers must be removed, especially from the mucous membranes.

Diagnostics

A girl may suspect that she has genital warts by comparing their appearance with the images below. If any growths occur in the genital area, you should consult a gynecologist. Diagnosis of genital warts begins with collecting complaints and a brief conversation.

The gynecologist asks the patient about her life history, the number of sexual contacts, especially unprotected ones, and identifies risk factors. The specialist then examines the affected area, genitals and anus. After the external examination, it’s time for a gynecological examination.

Examination in the mirrors allows you to see formations in the vagina, on the outer part of the cervix, and determine their nature. The gynecologist takes smears for microflora and oncocytology. Colposcopy is performed, which helps to identify flat condyloma, a violation of the surface of the cervix.

A special study to search for papillomavirus and clarify its serotype is the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method. Blood or biomaterial from the site of the lesion is taken for analysis, after which the DNA of the virus is detected in the collected material using special equipment.

PCR is the main and most informative method for diagnosing genital warts. A study is also carried out to determine the amount of antibodies to the virus in the patient’s blood, an analysis for HIV and hidden genital infections.

Differences in treatment

It is impossible to completely recover from the human papillomavirus and the appearance of warts. This is due to the fact that this type of disease does not develop stable immunity to treatment. Therefore, even after therapy, recurrences occur in other areas of the skin and mucous membranes. There are three methods of treating such skin diseases:

• Physical way

. Laser coagulation is considered the most common. In this way, papilloma or condyloma is removed along with the top layer of the skin. A crust forms at this site, which falls off over time, leaving clean skin.

• Chemical method.

Used in cases of minor damage to the skin and mucous membranes. Special products (solkoredm, liquid nitrogen, etc.) are applied to the outer side of the skin and the growth gradually comes off. This method can only be used by a doctor, since if the substance is used incorrectly, burns and scars can form at the site of the tumor. The chemical method also includes treatment with celandine. The juice of the plant is applied to the affected areas of the skin, after which the unwanted growths disappear.

• Surgical method.

It is performed under anesthesia using special surgical equipment. This method is best used for massive lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as for giant growths. Radiosurgery also refers to this method. It is non-contact, as the doctor equips it with a radio knife. The big advantage of this method is that it is the most precise surgical method. The radioknife makes a very small and precise incision, without damaging or damaging nearby tissues. In addition, bleeding is impossible with this method, since the surgical knife instantly seals the vessels. After removal by any of the above methods, the patient is prescribed treatment with antiviral drugs, as well as drugs that support the immune system. If treatment was carried out on the mucous membranes of the genital organs, it is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse until complete healing.

• Lekker “ Superclean”

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A modern and proven remedy for warts, papillomas and condylomas. The effectiveness of the product is due to the presence of sodium hydroxide in the composition. Superclean
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You can learn more about the tool here
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As a preventive measure for the disease, it is recommended to take medications to maintain immunity in the autumn-winter period. Also, do not forget about barrier contraception during sexual intercourse. The most important thing when a disease appears is to consult a specialist doctor in time. Since HPV tends to cause complications. With reduced immunity and the development of papillomavirus, a chronic disease may appear. But the most severe and deplorable exacerbation is the development of a cancerous tumor. Take care of yourself and your health!

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01 Aug 2021 45

Characteristic
Cryotherapy	Removal occurs by influencing the external manifestation of HPV with liquid nitrogen. The method is characterized by the availability of the procedure and its low cost. The efficiency is quite high. Cryotherapy is considered one of the most painless forms of getting rid of growths. The downside is the prolonged healing of wounds and the risk of scarring on the skin.
Laser removal	The method is characterized by burning out tumors with a laser beam. The method is highly effective, bloodless, wounds heal quickly, and there are practically no marks left on the skin. The downside is that the price of the procedure is not affordable for everyone.
Radio wave therapy	Treatment involves excision of condylomas using high-frequency radio waves. The therapy is effective, bloodless, and leaves no scars. The downside is the price of the method.
Chemical destruction	Removal occurs by treating pathological growths with solutions based on concentrated acid. There is a risk of burns. The advantage is availability and low price.
Electrocoagulation	The method is characterized by the destruction of tumors by exposing them to high-frequency electric current. The advantage is an accessible and quick removal method, which is used by patients regardless of age. The downside is that there may be marks on the skin after the procedure.
Treatment with drugs	There are many medicines for condylomas that can get rid of formations on the skin and mucous membranes due to HPV. Well proven:

Forecast and consequences

Even if genital warts are successfully removed, complete cure of the disease is impossible. Therefore, persons infected with HPV must undergo preventive examinations by a gynecologist once every 6 months with mandatory blood tests and smears for oncocytology.

Genital warts in women, photos of which can help with self-diagnosis, may reappear. It is necessary to contact an obstetrician-gynecologist, even if the patient has an old treatment regimen. In the absence of adequate and timely therapy, complications of condylomatosis may develop.

The consequences of advanced disease include:

• Spread of neoplasms to healthy areas.
• Decreased local immunity, addition of STDs.
• Transformation into a malignant neoplasm.
• The appearance of ulcers.
• When located on the birth canal of a woman in labor, the newborn becomes infected.
• Traumatization of growths, their inflammation and bleeding.

To avoid the dangerous consequences of genital warts, girls who discover the first signs of the disease need to consult a gynecologist as soon as possible. The type of growth can be determined by comparing them with photographs, but an examination by a specialist is required.

Condylomas

Condylomas

(genital warts) are a type of viral warts, which are soft papillary formations on a stalk, prone to fusion. Merging, they form colonies, outwardly resembling the appearance of cauliflower. Most often occur in the anogenital area. They cause discomfort in the genital area, psychological discomfort, and sexual problems. Traumatization of condylomas leads to their infection and is accompanied by discharge with an unpleasant odor, itching and pain. They can recur and become malignant. The virus is transmitted sexually. Treatment consists of removing condylomas (laser, liquid nitrogen, radioknife, conventional scalpel) against the background of systemic antiviral therapy.

Condylomas

Human papillomavirus

– a filtering virus that causes the appearance of small, often multiple, benign tumor-like formations on the human skin and mucous membranes. Manifests itself in the form of viral warts or genital warts. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is characterized by a chronic relapsing course, widespread distribution, and high susceptibility. Human papillomavirus infections of the genital tract constitute a risk group for the occurrence of malignant neoplasms of the genital organs and the development of bleeding.

Genital warts, often referred to as genital warts, are neoplasms of the skin and genital mucosa caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This is one of the most common manifestations of human papillomavirus infection, characterized by a long-term, chronic, relapsing course. Typically, condylomas are flesh-colored papillae with a lobular structure and a stalk, but they can also grow to massive formations, the appearance of which resembles cauliflower.

Condylomas are most often located on the genitals (in women - on the labia, vagina, cervix; in men - on the glans penis, foreskin), also in the anus and perineum, less often in the mouth.

Genital warts belong to the group of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so their diagnosis and treatment is mainly dealt with by venereology. However, women, as a rule, come with this problem to a consultation with a gynecologist and are treated by him. Men turn to a urologist. And the proctologist most often encounters condylomas of the anal area.

The main spread of HPV infection usually occurs through vaginal, oral, or anal sexual intercourse with an infected partner. Genital warts usually appear in areas exposed to trauma during sexual intercourse. HPV can be transmitted during sexual intercourse with scales peeling off with condylomas, and in women it can also enter the vagina and cervix from the external genitalia when using hygienic tampons during menstruation.

Intrauterine transmission of the virus from an infected mother to the fetus, and infection of the child during childbirth in the presence of active HPV or condylomas on the genital mucosa of a pregnant woman is also possible.

Risk factors for genital warts

The human papillomavirus is widespread and highly contagious. More than half of sexually active people are infected with one or more strains of HPV. In the human body, HPV changes the pattern of tissue growth, which leads to diseases of the skin and mucous membranes (genital warts, warts, papillomas, dysplasia and cervical carcinoma). There are more than 100 strains of HPV, and different strains cause different diseases, including precancerous diseases. HPV strains (6 and 11) primarily affect the urogenital tract and cause the development of genital anogenital condylomas.

The appearance of human papillomavirus infection and its further development is caused by a weakening of human immunity. This infection is characterized by an asymptomatic course; in many infected people it does not manifest itself in any way. Most people who are carriers of the corresponding strains of HPV do not develop genital warts. Factors that increase the risk of contracting genital warts include:

• previous STDs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes, candidiasis, etc.);
• free sexual behavior (with frequent changes of sexual partners, through a partner who has previously had sexual contact with an HPV carrier);
• internal factors of the body (reduced immunity, lack of vitamins, exposure to stress);
• pregnancy;
• vaginal dysbiosis.

Pathways for the development of HPV infection (genital warts)

The development of HPV infection is determined by the state of the body’s immune reactions, depending on this, the most possible options for the development of human papillomavirus infection (including condylomas) are:

• self-healing, regression of condylomas (in particular, those that appeared during pregnancy);
• absence of any dynamics over a long period of time;
• gradual or rapid growth of condylomas (increase in size, number);
• malignant degeneration of condylomas.

According to the risk of developing an oncological process, several groups of HPV strains are distinguished:

• non-oncogenic
• low risk
• medium risk
• high risk

Moderate- and high-risk HPV strains (mainly 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35) cause cervical dysplasia and increase the risk of cervical cancer, but do not cause genital warts. Low-risk HPV strains (primarily 6 and 11) cause genital warts but do not cause cervical dysplasia. Women infected with high-risk HPV should undergo regular examination (oncocytology) for timely detection of cervical dysplasia.

With a complicated variant of the development of anogenital condylomas, they may become injured and infected, and bleeding may occur. In addition, condylomas of the genital area interfere with normal sexual life and normal childbirth, and cause a feeling of psychological discomfort due to the presence of a cosmetic defect.

Pathogenesis and manifestations of genital warts

Human papillomavirus infection is transmitted from person to person, and it is possible to become infected with several types of papillomavirus at the same time. HPV lives in the cells of the skin and mucous membranes. For a long time, human papillomavirus infection can occur covertly (latently). A sufficient amount of virus must accumulate in the cells for clinical symptoms of human papillomavirus infection to occur. The reproduction of HPV and its amount in the body depend on the level of immune defense. Under the influence of various factors that reduce local and general immunity, the virus is activated, reproduces and develops skin manifestations.

Once in the body, HPV infects epithelial cells (especially the zone of transition of stratified squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium). In an infected cell, the virus can be in two forms: episomal (outside the cellular chromosomes - benign form) and introsomal - integrated (as part of the cellular genome - malignant form).

During a latent infection, HPV exists in an episomal form, without leading to pathological changes in cells and without causing clinical manifestations.

Having multiplied in large numbers, HPV changes the growth and development of epithelial cells. They begin to divide rapidly and uncontrollably, the area of ​​the skin or mucous membrane grows and genital warts form. There may be several of them, and sometimes several dozen. Anogenital condylomas often occur simultaneously, less often over several days.

In men, genital warts are most often found on the glans penis (coronal sulcus) and foreskin (frenulum and inner leaf), less often on the body of the penis, scrotum, near the anus and urethral opening. The appearance of condylomas in the urethra causes discomfort, difficulty urinating, and splashing of urine.

In women, condylomas most often appear in the area of ​​the labia minora (frenulum, clitoris), less often in the vagina, on the labia majora, on the cervix, in the anus, perineum and urethral opening. Genital condylomas of the vagina and cervix can only be detected during a gynecological examination.

It is extremely rare that genital warts develop in the oral cavity. With constant mechanical damage, condylomas can increase to 3-5 cm in diameter.

In addition to anogenital, there are other types of genital warts:

1. Papular warts are dark red in color, have a dome-shaped shape and a smooth surface, and are located on completely keratinized epithelium.
2. Keratotic warts - look like cauliflower, usually located on the shaft of the penis, scrotum, and labia.
3. Giant condyloma - develops during pregnancy, in patients with reduced immunity.
4. Endourethral condylomas are localized in the urethra and are found mainly in men.
5. Cervical condylomas:

• exophytic (external) condylomas - practically no different from anogenital condylomas
• endophytic (internal) flat condylomas - located in the thickness of the tissues of the vagina and cervix epithelium, they cannot be detected during a routine examination. Detected during colposcopy, often combined with dysplasia and sometimes with preinvasive carcinoma of the cervix, they pose a risk of malignancy
• epidermodysplasia verruciformis - multiple polymorphic flat papules of pinkish-red color with a warty surface.

Diagnosis of HPV infection (genital warts)

Diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection includes:

• clinical examination

In the presence of typical forms of genital warts, determining the HPV strain is not necessary. In men, genital warts are often confused with a papular necklace of the penis (a normal variant). In women, micropapillomatosis of the labia (a normal variant) is sometimes mistaken for genital warts. If genital warts are suspected, it is necessary to exclude other diseases (molluscum contagiosum, condylomas lata with syphilis).

• conducting extended colposcopy, urethroscopy (if endourethral condylomas are suspected);
• cytological examination of a smear from the cervical canal for atypical cells to exclude cervical dysplasia;
• histological examination;
• PCR – diagnostics (determination and typing of HPV);
• immunological study (presence of antibodies to HPV in the blood).

Those infected with genital warts must be screened for syphilis, HIV and other STIs.

Treatment methods for genital warts

Unfortunately, it is not possible to completely get rid of HPV with any of the modern treatment methods, just as it is impossible to guarantee the absence of relapses of condylomas. Self-propagation of condylomas and the appearance of new lesions in other areas of the skin or mucous membrane cannot be ruled out.

HPV does not produce lasting immunity; you can become infected with condylomas and get sick again if your sexual partner has not been treated or the rules of safe sex are not followed.

The main method of treatment remains the removal of condylomas using various methods, each of which has its own indications, limitations, and contraindications. Treatment of condylomas is carried out under local anesthesia and is practically painless.

When performing laser coagulation (neodymium or carbon dioxide laser), the condyloma tissue evaporates, forming a dry crust in its place - a scab. The radio wave method or radio knife quickly and almost painlessly removes condylomas. Cryodestruction (liquid nitrogen) “freezes” condyloma, but this method is not recommended for use in nulliparous women. Electrocoagulation is based on the impact on condylomas using an electrode (electronic knife) passing a high-frequency current.

For the destruction and removal of condylomas, chemical substances are also used locally - cytotoxic drugs - condiline (podophyllinotoxin), podophyllin, imiquimod, feresol, solcoderm (solkovagin), fluorouracil.

The risk of relapse of human papillomavirus infection is high (30%) with any treatment method, since the virus persists in other cells of the skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, anti-relapse (antiviral) therapy for HPV is included in the treatment of anogenital warts. Drugs that enhance immunity are used (cycloferon, licopid, panavir, immunomax). A domestic antiviral drug Allokin Alpha (in injection) has been developed for the treatment of herpes and human papillomavirus infection.

It is necessary to carry out virological monitoring of the cure of condylomas. For women with genital warts, annual histological examination is recommended.

Prevention of HPV infection (genital warts)

Measures to prevent human papillomavirus infection (genital warts, in particular) include:

• use of barrier contraception (condoms);
• elimination of factors causing a decrease in immunity (vitaminosis, hypothermia, smoking and alcohol abuse, stress and overwork).
• vaccination against cervical cancer with the Gardasil vaccine. Vaccination is carried out for girls from 11-12 years old, three times.

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Complications and prognosis

Possible complication of condylomas on the penis
Complications include the likelihood of new appearances of flat condylomas after their removal. However, the greatest danger is the change in cells due to exposure to the virus when they begin to form carcinoma.

This malignant form of pathology affects 7% of patients who have flat condylomas. A similar complication is caused by cancer of the cervix or penis.

Other complications include:

1. Possible complications of condylomas in the vagina
   The average form of the pathology provokes general weakness, the affected areas cause a burning sensation;
2. The growth of flat condylomas on the uterine cervix causes changes in the basal epithelium of the organ;
3. An advanced disease causes multiple growths to join together, after which the formation rots, infecting the body.

Condylomas, especially multiple and rapidly growing ones, are dangerous due to the following complications:

• cracked formations, which are accompanied by pain and bleeding;
• complicated course of labor;
• high risk of developing malignant tumors.

The prognosis with timely and adequate treatment is favorable, however, removal of condylomas does not guarantee complete recovery; the disease can recur if the body’s defenses are weakened.

Treatment methods

Flat condylomas in men and women are treated according to an individual regimen, which is selected by the doctor for each patient. It is only necessary to remove growths in a hospital and treat dysplasia on the cervix, using a comprehensive treatment selected by a doctor.

It includes taking antiviral and immunomodulating drugs, as well as techniques for removing tumors. Therapy in a hospital setting allows you to simultaneously act on the affected areas, which can be detected visually, as well as on viral cells. All patients who were treated for flat condyloma of the cervix or penis received complex therapy, during which treatment of the cervix or penis gave a positive result.

To destroy the virus, the patient is selected with suitable antiviral drugs and external medications.
Good results are obtained by using:

• Cycloferon;
• Viferon;
• Acyclovir;
• Bleomycin;
• Isoprinosine;
• Ferezola.

Drug therapy can be prescribed in the form of:

• tablets;
• ointments;
• injections.

In addition to antiviral drugs, patients are prescribed immunomodulators that activate the body's protective functions.

Antiviral therapy is selected individually based on the test results of a particular patient. Different types of HPV have their own clinical picture in each person and require individual therapy. In some cases, the patient may also be prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs.

Are they dangerous during pregnancy?

Vaginal warts pose an immediate danger to the child rather than to the mother herself.

Infection occurs during the baby's passage through the birth canal. Clinically, this is manifested by the development of laryngeal papillomas in children.

As for the female body, during pregnancy, due to hormonal changes, the number and size of existing growths increase, as well as the appearance of new ones.

After delivery, their number decreases. However, complete spontaneous recovery does not occur.

How to treat warts during pregnancy is decided individually in each case.

Vaginal warts can cause difficulty during labor and delivery.

Condylomas have a developed blood supply system, so injury to them can cause, on the one hand, bleeding, and on the other hand, make it difficult to suturing the incision after dissecting the perineum.

The possibility of HPV infection of medical personnel cannot be ruled out.

Causes and methods of infection

Transmission of the virus occurs in most situations during sexual contact.

It is almost impossible to prevent such infection using available methods, including barrier contraceptives.

In a certain percentage of cases, infection is possible through contact and household contact through personal hygiene items that, for some reason, have become available for use by other people.

Today, about 80% of the world's population is considered infected.

However, not everyone experiences symptoms of the disease.

As a rule, more than one month passes from the moment of infection.

The activation of viral particles in the body is predisposed by:

• acute and chronic diseases of internal organs;
• infectious diseases;
• metabolic disorders, especially diabetes;
• unfavorable combination of environmental factors and microclimatic conditions;
• hormonal changes - pregnancy, menopause.

What are the recommended preventive measures against flat condylomas?

Prevention of condylomatosis is quite simple. A few simple rules must be followed:

1. Avoid unprotected sex (use condoms).
2. Have a regular sexual partner, do not engage in promiscuity.
3. Observe the rules of personal hygiene (after sexual intercourse, treat the intimate area and inner thighs with special antimicrobial agents).
4. Lead a healthy lifestyle (eat right, get enough sleep, exercise, harden yourself, avoid stressful situations, avoid physical and emotional stress).
5. Timely treat infectious and chronic diseases (gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, acute respiratory viral infections and influenza).
6. Vaccinate girls against the most dangerous types of HPV.

To prevent relapses of the disease, it is recommended to take preventive measures aimed at strengthening the immune system.

These include:

• Proper nutrition;
• Healthy lifestyle.

Therapy

Is it necessary to treat a disease such as squamous cell condyloma? The sooner treatment begins, the faster you can get rid of it. The therapy is carried out comprehensively, activating the immune system, suppressing the activity of the virus and removing the external manifestations of the disease.

Surgical intervention

To eliminate external manifestations, surgical intervention is most often used. Laser, radio waves, liquid nitrogen or electric current are used to remove flat condylomas.

The duration of the recovery period and the effectiveness of therapy depend on the chosen method. Incorrect therapy is dangerous for relapse of the disease. The secondary appearance of growths occurs due to the fact that the virus remains forever in the human body, even after treatment.

Important! Flat condylomas of the cervix are removed only if there is no threat of miscarriage.

Pregnancy is usually a contraindication to surgery. If treatment is necessary, a full examination is carried out and all risks are weighed.

Drug therapy

External manifestations of the disease can be treated with aggressive medical solutions, which lead to the death of neoplasm tissue. Such means are:

• Solcoderm;
• Ferozone;
• Condilin.

Important! It is prohibited to remove flat condylomas without consulting a specialist, since the damaged formation can degenerate into cancer.

Viferon or Cycloferon are used to restore the immune system. To suppress viral activity, Acyclovir is most often prescribed, both in the form of an ointment and as an oral medication.

All therapy should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. Traditional methods for the treatment of flat tumors are strictly prohibited.

Timely contact with a specialist helps to quickly solve the problem and prevent complications. An advanced disease begins to bring not only external, but also physical discomfort.

What is syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the pathogen Treponema pallidum.
The bacterium is transmitted from a carrier of the disease to a healthy person during unprotected sexual intercourse. Moreover, even if a woman uses hormonal contraception, this does not protect either herself or her partner from possible infection. The only possible element of protection is a condom, but it cannot always prevent infection, especially if it is made of low-quality materials.