Hemorrhagic rash - causes, treatment, photos of rashes in children

What is a hemorrhagic rash?

If the walls of the capillaries are damaged, a certain part of the red blood cells will leave the vessels and this ultimately leads to the appearance of red spots and a network of blood vessels on the skin. This is a hemorrhagic rash, when if left untreated it can cause a lot of health problems.

Features of hemorrhagic rash in children

Most often, it is in children that this rash manifests itself - due to the unformed and still weak immunity, this vascular pathology can manifest itself. Most often, children from 4 to 12 years old are at risk, especially those who have previously had a sore throat, ARVI, or scarlet fever.

Although a rash can be triggered by a vaccination or injury, congenital blood pathologies and infection, even simple hypothermia.

The very first sign of a pathological process is the baby’s malaise, weakness and anxiety, loss of appetite.

Let's celebrate! But the main sign is not the appearance of a rash, but a sharp and causeless increase to 39-40 degrees, while the rashes themselves are marked by symmetry. After the course of treatment, slight pigmentation may remain on the skin at the site of the rash.

Diagnostics

For any rash, the doctor is obliged to send the patient for histological scraping. The purpose of this study is to determine the etiology of the rash, exclude oncology, and establish the degree of destruction of tissue cells. In particular, the following factors will confirm vasculitis:

• accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes within the epidermis with separation of epidermal cells;
• increased fibrin concentration;
• the presence of leukocytoclasia in skin biopsies stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

If the diagnosis is confirmed, it is additionally necessary to undergo a number of other tests:

• complete blood count indicating the number of red blood cells and eosinophils;
• urine test to determine ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate);
• Ultrasound of blood vessels at the site of the urticarial rash.

In this case, the doctor must determine not only the nature of the rash, but also the reasons why it appeared. Until the root cause of the disease is eliminated - we recall that urticarial vasculitis itself is only an indicator, but not an independent disease - it is too early to talk about effective treatment.

Relapse of vasculitis is dangerous for the life and health of the patient. Each time the symptoms will only intensify - headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, vascular spasms, inflammation of connective tissues, etc.

In the chronic form of vasculitis, angioedema occurs - a pathological condition accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the vascular walls and the accumulation of fluid in the skin tissues.

Types of hemorrhagic rash

The presented pathology, taking into account the size, can manifest itself in the following forms:

1. Petechiae is a round spot, not exceeding 2 mm in diameter, vaguely reminiscent in its shape and external, characteristic appearance of insect bites. Will not rise above the surface of the dermis.
2. Purpura - this form of hemorrhage can reach 1 cm in diameter, forming one continuous spot from the rashes, accompanied by burning and itching.
3. Ecchymoses do not have a clear outline on the body or at the site of the rash, and can reach 2-5 cm in size. Their color varies from bright red to blue-black.

Let's celebrate! As the pathology progresses, tissue necrosis in the center of the rash can affect neighboring, healthy cells and tissues.

Causes of hemorrhagic rash

The pathology affects patients of any age, regardless of gender.

Most often, the cause is liver disease, but doctors also identify the following provoking factors:

1. Alcohol and smoking.
2. The influence, and constant one, of chemical compounds.
3. The influence of a viral infection, most often hepatitis.
4. Trauma and a long course of taking medications.
5. Incorrect diet, with a predominance of fatty and fried foods, smoked foods and pickles.

Note! Among other things, the cause may be a blood disease, as well as a hereditary predisposition or genetic diseases.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis

So, this disease affects men/women equally, but in most cases it is the children’s age category that suffers, where age varies from 4 to 12 years.

This form of hemorrhagic vasculitis can be provoked by a previous infectious disease, such as tonsillitis or ARVI. The first symptoms appear from 1 to 4 weeks after the actual infection.

Infectious diseases

The nature of the origin of the disease may also have an infectious basis:

• Scarlet fever.
• Meningococcal virus.
• Insect bites.
• Typhoid fever and other pathologies.

Many infectious diseases have characteristic manifestations:

1. If the cause is meningococcal infection, the rash will appear throughout the body, especially in the thighs, buttocks, and arms. It will visually resemble black splashes.
2. If the cause is sepsis, the rash will have foci of suppuration.
3. If the cause is scarlet fever, the rashes resemble small dots, which is also typical for infection with staphylococcus.
4. If the cause of the rash is typhoid fever, in addition to the rash, the patient will be concerned about weakness and pallor of the skin, bloating of the peritoneum, and swelling of the tongue.

Erythematous rash photo

Erythematous rashes, depending on individual physiological characteristics and the nature of the disease, manifest themselves in different ways. Non-infectious species include:

1. Infrared (thermal) erythema. Appears as a result of prolonged exposure to infrared or thermal radiation. It appears on the skin as a darkish pigment network. The area of ​​affected skin depends on the cause of its damage.
2. X-ray. The cause of this type of disease is repeated exposure to individual areas of the skin with X-ray equipment. The consequences of such irradiation become noticeable 7 to 10 days after the procedure. They can be identified by a characteristic red, solid spot at the site of the lesion, which will gradually darken over the course of a week until it becomes dark brown. In some cases, the epidermis may begin to peel off.
3. Persistent towering. Visually, this erythema is practically no different from the manifestations of allergic urticaria, with which it is very easy to confuse. It is extremely difficult to diagnose through a set of appropriate examinations. Elevating erythema can be idiopathic, which is a hereditary inflammatory process, or symptomatic, which manifests itself as a result of the presence of chronic infectious diseases.

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Erythema infectiosum typically appears as red or pinkish spots that range from one to five centimeters in diameter. In some cases, these spots can expand and form a so-called “ring erythema” (a pink or red patch on the skin with a paler center).

Symptoms and signs of hemorrhagic rash

The very first symptom of a pathological rash is the appearance of small hemorrhages under the skin, most often localized on the feet and palms, in the fold of large joints.

Doctors also call joint damage an important symptom of the course of the disease - it is present in 65% of patients, affecting the knee or ankle joints.

Among other things, a hemorrhagic rash shows itself:

1. Attacks of sharp pain in the peritoneum.
2. Nausea and bouts of vomiting, as well as diarrhea.
3. An increase in body temperature for no apparent reason.

Note! Also, at the peak of the pathological process, the color of the stool may be black, internal bleeding is a concern, and blood appears at the site of the rash itself.

Diet

If there is a hemorrhagic rash, it is imperative to adjust the patient’s diet. The principles of the dietary diet largely depend on the individual characteristics of each specific case, but there are certain general rules. The following must be observed:

• reduce consumption of protein-rich foods;
• eliminate allergens;
• limit salt intake;
• portions should be small;
• you need to eat small and regularly;
• the temperature of the food should be normal;
• diet - balanced;
• the cooking method is used to prepare dishes;
• exclude flavorings and dyes.

The patient needs to give up bad habits and adhere to a healthy lifestyle. Taking vitamins is also important.

Principles of treatment of hemorrhagic rash

The main principle of treating hemorrhagic rash is to eliminate the cause of its appearance. So, in each individual case, the decision is made by the doctor, based on the results of the examination and diagnosis.

Drug therapy

1. In order to eliminate the infectious cause of the pathology, doctors select antibiotics individually, based on the sensitivity of the pathogen itself to those.
2. To achieve an anti-inflammatory effect, a course of hormonal therapy is prescribed. Most often, corticosteroids are prescribed, for example, in the form of Prednisolone tablets or in the form of pulse therapy. If the pathology occurs in a mild form, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds are prescribed, such as Diclofenac or Piroxicam.
3. To stop the autoimmune process, immunity-strengthening therapy is prescribed. It is used when drugs and therapy do not provide the desired therapeutic effect.
4. Also in the course of therapy, doctors prescribe anticoagulants - most often they prescribe Heparin. If the rash is accompanied by itching, doctors prescribe antihistamines such as Suprastin or Tavegil.
5. To suppress an allergic reaction, second-generation antihistamines are prescribed, which do not inhibit the functioning of the central nervous system. Most often it is Cetirizin Fexofenadine.
6. During the course of therapy, it is imperative to cleanse the body of toxins - for this, doctors prescribe sorbents, such as activated carbon.

Other treatments

In addition to the course of drug therapy, doctors introduce other methods into the course of treatment:

• Pulse therapy is the introduction into the body of a large dose of corticosteroids in multiples or in small courses. This method is rarely used to eliminate inflammation in blood vessels.
• Plasmapheresis is the purification of blood from aggressive immune cells using a special device. It is the plasma that is purified, which contains compounds that provoke inflammation. Applicable in extreme cases.
• Acellbia is a course of therapy with antitumor drugs, when the antibodies produced by cells are suppressed. As a result, immune activity decreases.

Folk remedies

The arsenal of folk remedies also has its own effective and efficient methods for treating hemorrhagic rashes. For example, you can use garlic oil or a decoction of oak bark to treat the affected area of ​​skin.

They have a beneficial effect on the process of healing and restoration of the walls of blood vessels, having a beneficial effect on the functioning of the entire body. You can also take a decoction of barley grains orally – it helps strengthen blood vessels from the inside.

Good to know! A hemorrhagic rash is a clear symptom of a serious disease. But in the absence of prompt and effective treatment, it can cause serious complications. Therefore, when the first symptoms appear, you should not hesitate and immediately consult a doctor and undergo an appropriate course of therapy.

Possible complications

Timely treatment contributes to the favorable course of the disease, and with proper therapy there are no scars left. But if you start the process of this disease, as well as in case of improper treatment, dangerous complications can arise:

• pulmonary hemorrhage;
• formation of diathesis;
• intestinal obstruction;
• disorders of the liver, heart and kidneys;
• peritonitis.

Dangerous complications can be caused by corticosteroid drugs, which are analogues of the hormone cortisol. If its level increases, pathological processes begin to occur in the body. It is possible to develop such disorders as:

• insomnia and mood swings;
• exacerbation of ulcers and gastritis;
• increased blood pressure;
• weight gain in certain parts of the body;
• swelling and fluid retention in the body;
• osteoporosis.

The greatest danger comes from damage to the bone marrow, since it is the bone marrow that is involved in the process of formation of blood cells. To monitor this process, you need to undergo tests periodically. It is important to follow preventive measures. A healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, giving up bad habits, and maintaining a work and rest schedule help eliminate many diseases. It is also extremely important to monitor your health and the well-being of your loved ones, especially if there are small children in the family.

Hemorrhagic rash: photos, causes and treatment on Diet4Health.ru.

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