Fibroma is a benign neoplasm that is formed from adipose and connective tissue. Fibropapilloma is one of the most common tumor diseases of the skin, but does not pose a serious threat to human health and life. However, such a neoplasm still needs proper treatment, since it tends to grow slowly but steadily.
What is fibroma, and is it dangerous? How to identify it, which doctor should you consult and how to get rid of an unpleasant disease? You need to know about all this in order to fix the problem as soon as possible.
What is fibroma?
The second name for this neoplasm is fibropapilloma. This is a benign tumor, the structure of which is formed from adipose and connective tissue.
On a note. Fibromatosis is a general term that refers to the presence of a fibroid or fibroids on the patient's skin. The concept is used in clinical medical terminology to refer to a disease accompanied by the formation of such skin tumors.
In most cases, skin fibrosis is detected in the area:
- chest,
- armpits,
- neck,
- groin
However, fibroids of the foot, back, arm, face and other parts of the body can also occur.
The localization of such a tumor is not limited to the skin - the tumor is quite capable of forming in the internal organs. In this case, blood vessels and glandular tissues may be affected.
Skin fibromatosis develops slowly and never degenerates into malignant tumors. Neoplasms can be single or multiple, small and large (over 3 cm). When a fibroid reaches a large size, it can put pressure on neighboring tissues, causing discomfort or pain.
If the tumor is located on the surface of the internal organs, then, putting pressure on adjacent tissues, it disrupts their nutrition. Consequently, the healthy organ involved in the pathological process begins to function with “interruptions.” That is why timely consultation with a doctor and immediate initiation of treatment play an important role. It is noteworthy that after surgical or instrumental removal of fibroids, relapses are practically excluded.
Treatment and removal
A distinction is made between drug treatment, radical removal of fibroids, and treatment with folk remedies.
Drug treatment
Hormonal imbalance sometimes causes fibroids of the body. Taking hormonal drugs can stop the development and growth of the tumor and promote rapid resorption. Self-medication with these drugs is strictly prohibited. It is recommended to discuss the course of treatment with hormones with your doctor.
To quickly get rid of small lumps, I use Diprospan injections.
Doctors recommend introducing fruits, vegetables or vitamin tablets into your daily diet, since vitamin deficiency and poor nutrition are recognized as one of the causes of benign growths on the surface of the body.
Radical removal of fibroids
Reaching a decent size on any part of the body, especially on the face, fibroma looks unattractive - this is the main reason for the desire to remove the hated growth. If the formation is benign, the seal should not be removed, since after removal the risk of relapse and the emergence of a new malignant tumor increases. A formation that is oncological in nature and brings noticeable inconvenience and constant pain must be removed. It is possible to get rid of the disease in the following ways:
- Surgery involves cutting out the tumor using a scalpel. The disadvantage is the presence of a scar or scar after surgery. This process is carried out in the case of rapid growth of the compaction, reaching a size of at least one centimeter.
- Treatment with an electrocoagulator is used in cosmetology and dermatology. This technique removes soft tissue using an electric current. Result: a dry crust at the site of the bulge, disappearing after ten days and leaving no stains or marks behind. The resulting protective crust blocks infections from reaching the open wound. The procedure is characterized by speed and painlessness. Before removal, you should consult with an oncologist. The procedure is prohibited in case of malignant diseases, blood poisoning, herpes, somatic diseases and intolerance to anesthetics and electrical procedures.
- The impact of a medical laser is performed at high temperature and can remove multiple fibroids on the face, neck, and décolleté.
The laser method of getting rid of growths is effective in removing affected tissue. The technique demonstrates disadvantages: a long rehabilitation period and pain. There are no contraindications to the use of the laser method. - Radio wave ablation is widely used in dermatology. This procedure is carried out using a radio wave knife, which removes fibromatosis without injury or blood. The incision area hurts after removal and heals within seven days. This procedure is contraindicated for people with inflammation and infectious diseases.
Treatment with folk remedies
- A salt compress helps the formation disappear and dry out due to its beneficial properties. The subcutaneous bulge will resolve over time by applying the compress regularly.
- Camphor alcohol is a cheap and accessible remedy that brings first results in a couple of months. Prolonged treatment of the tumor is accompanied by a burning sensation, which warns the rapid disappearance of the tumor.
- Tincture of iodine and aloe. Grate the aloe leaf, add alcohol and put it in the refrigerator to steep for three days. Add a couple of drops of iodine to the cooled pulp and rub it daily into the area where fibromatosis occurs.
- Take calendula tincture three times a day daily. Traditional healers are confident in the effectiveness of this method.
- To treat fibrosis, it is recommended to drink decoctions of St. John's wort, oak bark, walnut leaves, mountain arnica, wormwood and rose hips.
Causes
The reasons for the formation of soft skin fibroids have not been thoroughly studied. But experts are inclined to believe that hereditary predisposition or genetic failure plays a significant role in this matter. Note that such tumors are almost never detected in children, and they begin to form after the child reaches puberty.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous fibroma can develop under the influence of certain factors:
- natural aging of the body,
- intense sweating,
- hormonal disorders (especially long-term and pathologically caused),
- diabetes mellitus,
- tuberculosis,
- unbalanced diet.
However, the presence of these factors does not at all guarantee that a person will definitely develop fibrous formation. Thus, not all diabetics and people who eat improperly are diagnosed with such tumors. In this case, however, the theory of hereditary predisposition to cutaneous fibromatosis wins. If one of the patient’s close blood relatives has or has previously had similar tumors removed, then he is also susceptible to this disease.
There are some other reasons, or rather, factors that can provoke the formation of such a formation. Let's look at them in more detail.
- Skin friction. Fibroids on the arm, leg or back can be the result of constant and intense rubbing of the skin. For the same reason, growths form in the groin area.
- Insect bites. In this case, a tumor can form on almost any part of the body. But in most cases, after insect bites, fibroids appear on the back, legs, arms (including fingers), and even the head.
- Skin injuries. Mechanical damage to the skin followed by infection can also lead to the development of such a tumor. Fibroma of the hip, limbs, back, chest can form after falls, blows and other injuries in which a wound surface appears.
- Failure to comply with safety and hygiene rules when performing manicures. This factor predisposes to the appearance of periungual fibromas.
Important! Women should remember that uncontrolled or improper use of oral contraceptives can provoke the growth of such a tumor. Such therapy, not coordinated with a doctor, causes serious hormonal fluctuations, which can subsequently contribute to the development of not only fibroids, but also other neoplasms.
So, now you know what fibropapilloma is and why it can develop. But such a tumor has its own classification, which you also need to have an idea about.
Why is cutaneous fibroma dangerous?
Fibroma is not a dangerous neoplasm. It is more perceived as a cosmetic defect.
But damage to fibroids carries with it a number of complications, namely:
- Bleeding;
- Penetration of infections through the wound;
- Painful sensations;
- Necrosis.
Fibrous formation can extremely rarely turn into cancer. This occurs only in isolated cases with a rapidly growing tumor. The tumor can reach the size of a chicken egg, and sometimes even the palm of your hand. These are mostly soft fibroids. Their number on the body can be numerous (several dozen). This phenomenon is rare.
An increase in the number of fibroids and their size is observed with hormonal imbalances and in the absence of treatment.
If fibroma does not cause any particular inconvenience, it does not hurt and grows slowly, then it is not necessary to consult a dermatologist. If it grows rapidly and is accompanied by pain, you cannot do without the help of a doctor.
Types and symptoms of skin fibroids
Soft tissue fibroma has its own classification, according to which it is divided into:
- Soft. The structure of such a neoplasm is heterogeneous; it feels loose to the touch. This tumor consists predominantly of fatty tissue. In the vast majority of cases, its location is in areas that are more susceptible to friction against clothing: in the armpits, neck, legs, buttocks, thighs, etc. Also, women with low turgor know what fibroma is on the leg or abdomen skin.
- Solid. This type of dermatofibroma is much more common. Hard fibroma is smooth and dense to the touch. It is formed mainly on the skin (or directly under it) of the arms, shoulders, forearms, face, back, legs. However, it can also appear on the mucous membranes, in which case it is called fibrohemangioma. In appearance, the tumor resembles a wart. If a tumor appears in the gum area, it is called fibroblastoma.
- Limited. This skin tumor looks like a small “mushroom” on a thin stalk. Most often found on the neck and back of the head. But a similar fibroma on the head can also affect other areas. For example, a face.
- Diffuse. Such growths are also called aggressive. They are characterized by uncontrolled, unlimited growth. The main feature of such fibromas is that their capsules are able to grow into adjacent tissues, compressing them and disrupting their trophism.
Another type of fibroma under the skin on an arm or other part of the body is fibromatosis. This neoplasm is detected on the skin, as well as in the muscles. In most cases, the pathology is accompanied by pain and discomfort in the area where the growth is located.
Fibromatosis can result from:
- tendon tumors,
- leg injuries,
- infectious diseases.
These are the main types of fibromatous neoplasms on the skin. It is extremely difficult to independently determine what type of fibroma is on the face or other part of the body, so it is better to seek help from a doctor.
Signs
Cutaneous fibromatosis does not have pronounced symptoms, except for the possible appearance of pain or discomfort at the site of the tumor. But there are certain signs by which one can understand that the existing neoplasm is indeed a fibroma on a finger, leg, back, etc. These include:
- clarity of the contours and boundaries of the growth,
- small sizes (up to 3, less often - more than 3 cm in diameter),
- slow growth
- possible color change from flesh to pinkish or darker,
- mobility under pressure,
- bleeding when the skin of the neoplasm is injured.
At the very beginning of its formation, fibroma on the leg under the skin is no different in color from the normal skin tone. But the longer the growth becomes, the more pronounced its pigmentation becomes.
Symptoms
Fibropapillomas are very easily confused with many other skin formations, for example, wen, moles or papillomas.
To accurately identify fibroma developing on the skin, you should familiarize yourself with the main symptoms of this pathology:
- the presence of clear boundaries;
- size in diameter no more than 3 cm;
- mobility of education;
- the color matches the skin, or with long development it becomes purple-bluish;
- slow growth;
- intense bleeding in case of injury.
In addition to the above general characteristics, each individual species is characterized by other individual manifestations.
Signs of soft skin fibroids are:
- loose and soft structure;
- the surface of the neoplasm has irregularities and dents;
- pain, usually caused by friction;
- mobility of education;
- Tumors can be multiple, with the number sometimes reaching several dozen.
In the case of dermatofibroma, the symptoms are slightly different:
- the structure of the formation is dense;
- the surface of the tumor is smooth;
- the formation on the skin is not mobile;
- Single fibromas are usually found.
When fibropapilloma occurs, the color of fibropapilloma is the same as that of healthy skin, but as the pathology develops, it becomes darker. This neoplasm does not cause any harm to health, but in open areas of the body it is a cosmetic defect, and in case of mechanical damage it can bleed heavily.
At-risk groups
Fibroma of the soft tissues of the hand is most often detected in:
- pregnant women,
- patients over 40 years of age (mainly women, due to the peculiarities of hormonal changes),
- people with obesity and metabolic disorders,
- diabetics,
- persons with a genetic predisposition to the formation of such tumors,
- patients with unstable hormonal levels.
Much less often, fibroids appear on a finger or any other part of the body in young children.
Diagnostics
If such a neoplasm is detected, it is necessary to contact a dermato-oncologist, but if this is not possible, then you can be examined by a dermatologist. To make a diagnosis it is necessary to:
- Scraping from the surface of the growth with further cytological examination. This manipulation makes it possible to identify atypical cells in the selected material. This is important to confirm or refute the benignity of the existing tumor.
- A biopsy, after which a histological examination of the biopsy is performed - a piece of selected tissue. Histology makes it possible to determine the nature of the neoplasm, identify changes in its morphological structure, detect inflammatory processes, etc.
- Ultrasound or radiography. These are additional studies that are not prescribed to all patients for cutaneous fibroids. But if fibromatosis of internal organs is suspected, such diagnostic procedures will play a key role.
After the examination, the doctor will be able to accurately determine how to treat fibroids and which treatment methods are suitable for a particular patient.
Treatment of fibroids with folk remedies
In addition to traditional methods of treating fibroids, there are also folk ones. To treat neoplasms, various homemade ointments, lotions, and herbal decoctions are used. The most common methods are:
- Treatment of fibroids with potato juice;
- Lotions from celandine juice;
- Lubricating the tumor with camphor alcohol three times a day;
- Lotions with alcohol tincture of aloe with iodine;
- Oak bark decoction;
- Calendula decoction;
- St. John's wort infusion;
- Decoction of cucumber tops;
- Potato juice;
- Alcohol tincture of pine nut shells.
Traditional methods of treatment cannot act as primary therapy. It only serves as a complement to traditional methods of treating fibrosis. Before using them, you should consult your doctor.
Therapeutic approach and prevention
When it comes to treating this tumor, many patients have a question: can fibroids resolve on their own? Such cases do occur in clinical practice, but are very rare. Even more: they are considered an exception rather than a pattern. Therefore, the appearance of such a bump on the surface of the skin should prepare you for the need to remove it.
Fibroids can be removed using:
- Radio wave treatment. The procedure is carried out using a radio knife, which, under the influence of ultra-high frequencies, cuts off small growths. After the procedure is completed, a repeat histological examination is carried out.
- Cryotherapy. Freezing with liquid nitrogen has recently not been particularly popular in the treatment of benign tumors, since it is extremely difficult to calculate the depth of effect on tumor tissue. By the way, using liquid nitrogen preparations is one of the options for removing fibroids at home. But doctors, nevertheless, insist that this is absolutely not worth doing.
- Laser or electrical coagulation. In the first case, the tumor is cut off with a laser beam, in the second, an electric knife or scalpel is used. Both types of procedures make it possible to take a piece of tissue for histology.
The use of such instrumental techniques is possible only for small and medium-sized fibroids. If the tumor exceeds 3 cm in diameter, the doctor may advise removing it surgically. The recovery period in this case will be longer.
Signs of the disease
A disease such as skin fibroma rarely develops severe symptoms. Often the only sign is the actual formation of the growth. Other signs include the following:
- Red or brownish tint to an area of skin that changes over time
- Visible increase in the size of the formation
- Sensitivity, itching when touched
- Bleeding when the formation is damaged
An accurate diagnosis can be made through an examination as well as questioning about symptoms and health status. Often, only a visual examination by a doctor and palpation is enough: the doctor can squeeze the skin in the area of the growth, which subsequently forms a small dimple. In cases where the benignity of the tumor is in question, it is surgically removed and the material is sent to the laboratory for histological examination.
Skin fibroma can have some complications: it can be injured by a blade during shaving or subjected to mechanical stress from clothing or other objects, depending on its location. It is also possible for it to twist, as a result of which the blood supply to the formation sharply deteriorates and tissue necrosis is formed, often accompanied by a secondary infection. This phenomenon is characterized by pain, swelling and requires immediate medical intervention.
Before visiting a specialist, it is important to avoid traumatizing the formation - do not perform hygienic procedures with blades, do not wear tight clothing, avoid injury from bag belts, etc., because this can provoke complications of the disease that require more labor-intensive and lengthy treatment.