Progeria
Progeria is a disease whose symptoms are similar to rapid aging. Patients are not tall. No hair, long nose, wrinkled skin. Outwardly, young children resemble old people. People suffering from this scourge do not live long, up to a maximum of 18 years. The entire body undergoes the symptoms of aging. The blood vessels and heart wear out quickly and already in childhood resemble the condition of a very old and sick person. Most patients die from atherelerosclerosis, a disease of old people. The disease is transmitted at the genetic level.
Lata
Lata is a psychological illness. It is a consequence of severe nervous shock. Women are mainly affected by this disease. Patients lose control of their actions. They begin to imitate those around them, becoming their mirror image. Repeat gestures and words. Then they can move on to aggressive actions, shouting, waving their arms, or getting into a fight.
Porphyria
Porphyria – fear of sunlight. Another similar disease is called vampire syndrome. People behave like these mythical creatures. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the patient's skin turns into a red spot, and the person suffers very severe pain. In the tissues of the body, pigment metabolism is disrupted, which provokes such symptoms. People suffering from this disease can live and function normally only by avoiding sunlight.
Micropsia
Micropsia is a distortion of the actual sizes of environmental objects. A neurological disease in which the patient sees objects as smaller than they actually are. This applies to absolutely all objects that surround him, even his own body. Not only vision is impaired, but also other sense organs.
Blue skin syndrome is a pigment disorder. The person has blue or purple skin. Moreover, such a symptom has absolutely no effect on the condition of the body. People live to old age and still feel absolutely normal. It is transmitted at the genetic level.
Common dermatological problems and causes
The skin protects the entire body, affects the process of thermoregulation and metabolism. Different skin problems are localized in different parts of the body. You need to understand that many skin diseases go away with almost no symptoms and can be easily gotten rid of.
Exogenous factors include those that affect the body from the outside. All these reasons can be divided into several types:
- mechanical influence;
- influence from temperature changes;
- chemical exposure;
- exposure to bacteria and parasites.
For example, mechanical damage occurs due to friction of the skin with any materials. For this reason, dermatitis or hemorrhages often appear. Thermal injuries occur due to excessive exposure of the skin to low or high temperatures. Dermatoses appear as a result of chemicals. For example, this happens in adults who are forced to work with chemicals (doctors, technologists). Pyoderma, skin tuberculosis, leprosy are often due to harmful bacteria.
Skin problems are often due to endogenous causes. The functioning of the endocrine glands may change or excessive pigmentation may appear. Dermatological diseases can also be caused by problems in the central or peripheral nervous system.
Common skin diseases:
- Acne – among skin diseases, this problem occupies a leading position. Most often it occurs in adolescence. But in the absence of proper care, it can develop into a chronic form.
- Eczema and atopic dermatitis often occur in children. They suffer from severe itching. A common cause of this disease is an allergic reaction of the body.
- Herpes – There are different forms, but the most common form is herpes simplex.
Hypertrichosis
Hypertrichosis is the presence of a large amount of hair on the human body. The entire body is covered with a large amount of hair. Genetic disease. The 17th chromosome is to blame . It was first discovered in a traveling circus, where performers performed showing their bodies covered with hair. Hair not only covers the entire skin, it also grows very rapidly. Women with hypertrichosis grow a long, thick beard. Patients are also endowed with characteristic facial features. Wide noses, large mouth and lips, enlarged chin.
Groups and list of especially dangerous infections
Quarantine infections
Quarantine infections (conventional) are subject to international sanitary agreements (conventions - from the Latin conventio - treaty, agreement). The agreements are a document that includes a list of measures to organize strict state quarantine. The agreement restricts the movement of patients. Often, the state uses military forces for quarantine measures.
List of quarantine infections
- polio,
- plague (pneumonic form),
- cholera,
- smallpox,
- yellow fever,
- Ebola and Marburg fever,
- influenza (new subtype),
- acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Sars.
Rice. 1. Declaration of quarantine in the outbreak of the disease.
Despite the fact that smallpox is considered a defeated disease on Earth, it is included in the list of especially dangerous infections, since the causative agent of this disease can be stored in some countries in the arsenal of biological weapons.
List of especially dangerous infections subject to international surveillance
- typhus and relapsing fever,
- influenza (new subtypes),
- polio,
- malaria,
- cholera,
- plague (pneumonic form),
- yellow and hemorrhagic fevers (Lassa, Marburg, Ebola, West Nile).
List of especially dangerous infections subject to regional (national) surveillance
- AIDS,
- anthrax, glanders,
- melioidosis,
- tularemia,
- brucellosis,
- rickettsiosis,
- psittacosis,
- arbovirus infections,
- botulism,
- histoplasmosis,
- blastomycosis,
- meningococcal infection,
- Dengue fever and Rift Valley.
List of especially dangerous infections in Russia
- plague,
- cholera,
- smallpox,
- yellow fever,
- anthrax,
- tularemia.
Microbiological confirmation of an infectious disease is the most important factor in the fight against especially dangerous diseases, since the quality of anti-epidemic measures and the adequacy of treatment depend on it.
Particularly dangerous infections and biological weapons
Particularly dangerous infections form the basis of biological weapons. They are capable of infecting a huge mass of people in a short time. The basis of bacteriological weapons are bacteria and their toxins.
The bacteria that cause plague, cholera, anthrax and botulism and their toxins are used as the basis for biological weapons.
The Research Institute of Microbiology of the Ministry of Defense is recognized as providing protection to the population of the Russian Federation from biological weapons.
Rice. 2. In the photo there is a sign of biological weapons - nuclear, biological and chemical.
Klein-Levin syndrome
Klein-Levin syndrome - increased sleepiness . People suffering from this disease spend a lot of time asleep. When they wake up, they do only the necessary things necessary to maintain the vital functions of the body, go to the toilet and eat, and again plunge into the world of dreams. Attempts to return them to states of active life are perceived by them aggressively. They are quite poor at distinguishing reality from dreams. They experience hallucinations and memory loss. This behavior lasts 2-3 days a month. Then the person can come to his senses and be completely normal. This is a neurological disease of unknown cause.
Prevention of skin diseases
To avoid dermatological problems, the main attention must be paid to hygiene. Water procedures will get rid of dirt and sweat, prevent inflammatory processes and the proliferation of pathogenic microflora. In addition, they help open pores and allow the skin to breathe.
Increasing the body's defenses and timely treatment of microtraumas are important for the prevention of infectious skin diseases, since bacteria and viruses penetrate through them.
Also, the prevention of skin diseases includes frequent wet cleaning of the apartment, protecting the skin when working with detergents, proper nutrition, eliminating allergens from the diet, maintaining thermal conditions (avoiding hypothermia and overheating), and minimizing stressful situations.
Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis is a parasitic disease characterized by enlargement of body parts. The female mosquito carries the worm larva along with her blood. When biting a person, this ominous larva enters the bloodstream. The parasite actively multiplies in the blood and when its quantity is very large, they begin to interfere with the outflow of lymph. This leads to swelling of different parts of the human body. The disease is curable, especially in the early stages. Disease prevention is also being actively carried out.
Exploding head syndrome is a consequence of severe stress. Patients hear various noises and sounds in their heads, especially before going to bed or during sleep. The disease is quite rare and mainly occurs in older people, but there have been cases of the disease in children. No cure has been found, but a positive trend is still visible if the patient is actively involved in sports, yoga, and walks a lot in the fresh air.
Types of skin diseases
In medicine, many different classifications of pathologies affecting the dermis are used.
Depending on the cause, skin diseases are distinguished:
- allergic (dermatitis, eczema, urticaria, purpura);
- inflammatory (almost all pathologies of the dermis can be included in this group);
- parasitic (pediculosis, scabies, demodicosis);
- oncological (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma);
- infectious.
In turn, infectious diseases are divided into bacterial (pyoderma, candidiasis, impetigo), viral (herpes, warts) and fungal (mycosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, microsporia, trichophytosis, lichen). A variety of infections are pustular (staphyloderma, streptoderma, staphylo-streptoderma) and purulent (boils, carbuncles, phlegmons) skin lesions.
Based on several signs (provoking factor, characteristics of the pathological process and clinical manifestations), the following types of skin diseases are distinguished; their differences are clearly visible in the photo:
- pyoderma – pustular lesions (staphyloderma, streptoderma);
- mycoses – infections caused by fungi (ringworm and pityriasis versicolor, favus, candidiasis, onychomycosis);
- parasitic diseases (demodex, scabies);
- infections (furunculosis, leprosy, cellulitis, impetigo, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, smallpox);
- hereditary pathologies (xeroderma, ichthyosis, neurofibromatosis, pityriasis pilaris);
- collagenoses (lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis);
- eczema of various types;
- dermatitis (dyshidrosis, Lyell's syndrome, dermatitis of various origins);
- dermatoses of viral origin (warts, herpes, molluscum contagiosum);
- cystic or bullous dermatoses (dermatitis herpetiformis, true pemphigus);
- neurodermatoses (neurodermatitis, urticaria, prurigo);
- erythema (erythrosis, septic, migratory, exudative erythema);
- cheilitis – inflammatory diseases affecting the lips;
- papulosquamous diseases (lichen, psoriasis, parapsoriasis);
- pathologies that damage skin vessels (rosacea, pigmentary purpura, periarthritis nodosa);
- reticulosis - systemic diseases of reticuloendothelial tissue (urticaria pigmentosa, Kaposi's angioreticulosis);
- seborrhea (atheroma, acne, anhidrosis, hyperhidrosis);
- skin pigmentation disorders (freckles, vitiligo, lentigo);
- atrophic and hypertrophic pathologies (keratosis, kraurosis, Riel melanosis, keloid scar, atrophic acrodermatitis);
- traumatic lesions (abrasions, bruises, splinters, cuts, wounds, snake bites);
- benign tumors (lipoma);
- cancer diseases (basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma);
- pathologies that develop in hot climates (pint fever, spotted fever, Buruli ulcer);
- metabolic diseases – provoked by metabolic disorders (amyloidosis, calcinosis);
- occupational diseases - typical for people who often come into contact with pathogenic microorganisms, chemicals, traumatic factors (calluses, warts, chemical burns, allergic dermatoses, occupational eczema);
- other diseases (hypertrichosis, mucinosis, frostbite, burns, epidermal cyst).
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