We answer the questions: how is HPV transmitted? Is it possible to become infected through contact and sexual contact?

Home / Papillomas

Human papillomavirus is a well-known disease, and more than 50% of the population is infected with it. Most often, a person is a carrier of the virus and does not suspect it.

The disease is insidious and can last for several years without any manifestations until a person’s immunity decreases. The virus most often affects the female body.

Its presence in the body, in the absence of external formations, can only be detected through a blood test. It is important to follow all preventive measures.

Transfer methods

It is very easy to become infected with such an insidious virus; it can quickly penetrate the body even with the smallest cut or scratch.

HPV is transmitted:

• The fetus from the mother during pregnancy.
• When using someone else's clothes or towel.
• During sexual intercourse.
• By visiting a sauna you can also become infected with the papilloma virus.
• When kissing, if the partner has the virus.
• During cosmetic procedures.

The virus enters the female body through tiny cracks in the skin, through the cervix. In most cases, the virus affects a young female body, especially during the onset of sexual activity in adolescents. At a young age, it is important to know that even a condom cannot protect against papillomavirus.

In women, this disease is of particular concern, as it leads to infertility and, most often, to the appearance of cancer.

Currently, science does not stand still, and scientists have been able to determine how HPV is transmitted.

HPV is most often transmitted to men through sexual contact. After infection, the virus appears under the scrotum in the form of papillae. The disease in men also occurs without any symptoms. Prolonged residence of the virus in the body leads to genital cancer. Doctors advise that when you first detect growths on your body, you should immediately consult a doctor. Such a disease cannot be left without treatment.

Studies have shown that the largest percentage of transmission of the virus occurs from men to women.

Risk factors

For women who are most susceptible to the disease, it is important to prevent the virus from entering the bloodstream. It is important not to change sexual partners frequently, since this is precisely the consequence of infection. A man may not have external signs of the disease, but remain a carrier of the virus.

To reduce risk factors, you need to remember that using common hygiene products, for example, a towel, toothbrush, or washcloth also leads to infection.

Women with HIV are susceptible to HPV entering the body.

When smoking and drinking a lot of alcohol, the body weakens and the immune system ceases to protect it. At this time, the body’s vulnerability increases and HPV easily penetrates inside a person.

Doctors recommend taking vitamins and nutritional supplements several times a year to strengthen the immune system.

Diagnostics

To successfully cure and maintain an organism affected by a virus, its timely detection is necessary. It is clear that not everyone will go to the doctor without symptoms indicating this.

However, in some cases this is unavoidable:

• If a person has an intense sex life and often changes partners, then it is necessary to undergo tests periodically.
• If there is itching or burning on the genitals.
• If rashes are found in the mouth or other mucous membranes.

There are several ways to determine the presence of papillomavirus in the body.

Examination by a specialist - during the appointment, the doctor carefully examines the body for the presence of rashes in the form of small nipples, and also performs urethroscopy (examination of the cervix).

Cytological examination is an effective method of testing for the presence of a virus in the body. This procedure allows you to diagnose HPV in the early stages, as it is the most accurate. Detection of HPV also directly depends on the professionalism of the doctor, who knows exactly how HPV is transmitted.

Cervical biopsy is the most unpleasant procedure for detecting a virus in the body, but it is the one that has become famous and so popular due to the lower percentage of erroneous cases.

Colcoscopy - this procedure enlarges the vaginal mucosa many times, which allows you to more accurately determine the location of the virus and assess the condition of the epithelial tissues. After this, the doctor diagnoses the malignancy of the disease process and determines the need for further research.

Features of infection depending on the type of HPV

To find out what type of HPV has infected a person, you need to undergo the necessary tests.
Many viruses do not pose a danger to humans and can remain in the body throughout its entire life without revealing itself in any way. Not all papilloma viruses are so safe. Oncogenic HPV can live in the body, and they lead to cancer. Women become especially vulnerable, since the type 16.18 virus very often causes cervical cancer. This disease poses a serious threat to human health.

Medicine divides HPV into several groups. These types are diagnosed in almost every case in both men and women.

Non-oncogenic viruses are characterized by strains 1,2,3,4,5,10,12,14-15,17,19,26-29,57 and they do not pose a threat to humans . This virus looks like an ordinary growth on the body; the group virus appears in the form of warts with jagged edges. Group 1.4 virus looks like old calluses. Often these viruses affect the feet. The remaining groups affect the human body in the form of brown or yellow nipples.

HPV types 16 and 18: transmission routes

It is worth mentioning these two types separately as the most dangerous. The appearance of genital warts on a woman’s genitals should be a signal to consult a doctor.

These are the symptoms that are characteristic of a precancerous condition caused by human papilloma viruses types 16 and 18.

When they get on the mucous membranes or skin, they provoke a malignant cellular mutation, which increases the likelihood of cervical cancer by 50 times.

Women and men can become infected with papillomaviruses of any type in one of the following ways:

1. Sexually: during genital, anal, oral sex.
2. In everyday life: through touch.
3. Self-infection is possible when shaving or epilating.

Highly oncogenic viruses are found not only in women - types 16 and 18 of papillomavirus can provoke the development of bladder and (or) penile cancer in men.

Vaccination

Vaccination is used as an effective method of prevention in Western Europe and the USA. There are two vaccines that protect against some of the viruses that cause cervical cancer in 70% of cases, and both vaccines are safe for women:

• Cervarix – protects against HPV 16 and 18;
• Gardalis – will protect against types 6, 11, 16, 18 of the virus.

The protective effect will be achieved if the vaccination was carried out before contact with HPV, so it is recommended that the vaccine be given before the first sexual contact.

Some countries also vaccinate boys to reduce the risk of genital cancer.

A history of vaccination does not mean that women should not have an annual colposcopy.

It is important to remember that the vaccine is not a panacea for treating cancers caused by human papillomavirus, but can only prevent infection.

People often mistake growths on the skin for harmless and treat them with traditional methods. This mistake can have dangerous consequences - abnormal proliferation of epithelial tissue aggravates the spread of papillomavirus throughout the body, and some of its strains provoke cell mutation with the formation of various types of cancer.

More than 80% of the world's population are carriers of the human papillomavirus, regardless of age and race.

With a sharp decrease in immunity, a previously dormant disease makes itself felt by the appearance of a large number of genital warts on the skin.

How is the human papillomavirus transmitted? The microorganism enters the human body through mucous membranes or skin. In a benign course of the disease, it does not manifest itself in any way: the epithelium retains its shape unchanged.

If the virus integrates into the genome of the cell, then doctors diagnose a malignant form of the pathology, which is considered to be a precancerous condition.

The more scratches, abrasions and other minor damage there are on the skin, the easier it is for the papillomavirus to penetrate any cellular system. Here are some factors that increase the likelihood of infection several times:

• The body’s antiviral defense cannot cope with the load when immunity is sharply reduced. A person may have this condition due to a common sore throat or cold;
• the virus begins to actively multiply in cells during intestinal or vaginal dysbiosis - these diseases are accompanied by the death of beneficial microflora;
• genital papillomas are easy to become infected if the body already has sexually transmitted diseases: gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis and others;
• relapse of any chronic disease will become a favorable condition for transmission of the human papillomavirus;
• Stressful situations and depression reduce a person’s antiviral defense, so a pathogenic microorganism can easily penetrate inside the cell.

The risk of contracting the papilloma virus increases in smokers and women taking combined contraceptive medications.

Sexual tract

For transmission of a dangerous virus to occur, one sexual contact is often enough: vaginal, oral, anal.

With a 70-80% probability, the source of infection is a man, but a woman can also become a spreader of the disease, especially if genital warts have formed on her genitals, oral mucosa or lips.

If this epithelial formation is damaged during sexual contact or through a kiss, the probability of transmitting the virus is 90%.

For those who practice unprotected anal sex, benign or malignant formations form in the anal area. This route of spread of papillomavirus is very common: damaged mucous membranes and minor skin injuries serve as easy routes for infection. Moreover, if one of the partners has formed anogenital warts, then even a condom does not guarantee protection.

Predisposing factors for the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the body are:

1. Starting sexual relations too early.
2. Frequent change of sexual partners, promiscuity.
3. The presence of obvious signs of the disease in the partner: condylomas and warts.

The virus can be transmitted through oral sex through various deformations of the skin of women and men. Moreover, the risk of infection with oncogenic types 16 and 18 is most likely in this way. After the proliferation of microorganisms in the mucous membranes of the mouth, it can cause throat cancer in women and men.

To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended to use a regular condom in case of blowjob and a femdom (female condom) in case of cunnilingus.

Unlike most sexually transmitted infections, using a condom does not always protect against infection with papillomavirus. For the simple reason that the virus can be transmitted through contact with a partner’s skin if there are microtraumas on it.

The danger lies in the area of ​​localization of condylomas and warts - they often form throughout the groin, where the condom is not used. This is not to mention foreplay.

Despite too little protection against this disease, men cannot refuse to use a condom: anal, genital or oral sex with a condom reduces the risk of spreading papilloma pathogens by 70-80%.

And, of course, the virus is extremely small, but it cannot penetrate through a condom, this is a myth.

If partners do not have external signs of pathology, the likelihood of infection orally or vaginally is low. Even if one of them is a latent carrier of the disease.

Conditions conducive to infection

During sexual intercourse, it is necessary to take into account that various types of skin injuries can occur in tissues close to the genitals. When using a condom, infection can also occur.

The mucous membrane becomes vulnerable to infection when the immune system is suppressed. The appearance of papillomas and condylomas in the genital area is often triggered by the presence of other infections in the body. If such growths are detected, treatment must be carried out not only by the HPV carrier, but also by his partner.

Violation of the microflora of the vagina in women and even the intestines in both sexes can also lead to a decrease in immunity, and accordingly the papillomavirus can more easily enter the body.

Household route of transmission of the virus

When diagnosing the papilloma virus in a person, it can be said with 85-90% probability that the disease was transmitted through household contact to all members of his family. How does infection occur at home?

• in the presence of damage to the skin, pathology occurs when sharing towels, bed linen, cosmetics, soap, and washcloths;
• You can become infected through saliva by sharing the same dishes or toothbrush with a carrier of the disease;
• Wearing clothes of someone who is sick increases the risk of transmitting the virus. If you wear the underwear of an infected person, the possibility of infection increases dramatically;
• self-infection often occurs when shaving or epilating the bikini area. Having accidentally damaged a genital wart or a wart, a person provokes the development of several epithelial neoplasms in the adjacent area.

How you can become infected with the virus in public places:

• When visiting a bathhouse, sauna, or swimming pool, it is quite difficult to become infected with the virus, because need physical contact. But this option cannot be ruled out;
• Frequent handshakes provoke the transmission of viruses in cases where there are microcracks in the upper layer of the epithelium.

What other routes of transmission of the virus exist:

1. The medical literature describes cases of infection with the human papillomavirus through donor blood transfusion.
2. When performing an operation to remove genital warts, doctors and junior medical staff may inhale viral particles, which begin to actively multiply on the nasal mucosa.
3. Poor sterilization of manicure instruments in beauty salons can cause infection among clients.

In order to prevent the papilloma virus from entering the body, it is necessary to take precautions when visiting public places, remain faithful to one partner and lead a healthy lifestyle.

Transmission of the papilloma virus through a kiss is not a myth, but a very real way of contracting HPV from a sick partner, along with sexual intercourse. Here we are talking mainly about intimate relationships in which people are a couple. Accordingly, adults are more susceptible to this; children, depending on their age, are usually spared this problem.

Intimate relationships

Let's take a little closer look at this point. It is clear that this term can be understood as a whole range of actions. Starting from petting and mutual caresses, to classic penetration. In fact, each region also has its own statistics on HIV transmission routes. In Russia today, the leading one is drug injections.

However, let's return to our topic. We want to know if you can get HIV through oral sex. The risk is minimal, but it cannot be discounted. For example, the probability of infection during anal sex is up to 3%. The more often contact with a carrier of the virus occurs, the greater the likelihood of infection increases. Therefore, if one of the spouses becomes infected, very often the second one becomes HIV-positive even before the first one finds out about it.

With a single vaginal contact, statistics show that the chances are even lower. Transmission of the immunodeficiency virus occurs in 0.15% of cases. However, the active partner, as a rule, cannot become infected. However, among the stronger sex there is usually more concern about this.

What can be said about oral sex? The inserting partner takes no risk at all, since contact occurs only through saliva. Therefore, speaking about whether it is possible to become infected with HIV through oral sex to a man, we can safely say that no such cases have been registered. That is, theoretically the probability cannot be denied, but in practice this has never happened.

Is HPV transmitted through kissing?

The papilloma virus is extremely rarely transmitted to a healthy person through a kiss. It accounts for on average no more than 10% of all cases of infection. It belongs to the contact-everyday category, but is not very common precisely because of the need for close, intimate communication with the carrier.

The type of kiss is also of great importance, since not all of them involve the impact of the saliva of an infected partner on the mucous membrane of a healthy person. Those who are fans of the “Inato”, “Sink”, “Sari”, “Enjoying the Bud” techniques are least likely to experience this.

The most dangerous is the classic French kiss with the tongue. In this case, he touches the partner's tongue and acts on his lips.

How exactly is papilloma transmitted through a kiss?

Answering the question whether papilloma is transmitted through a kiss, it must be said that at this time only the virus that causes its appearance can enter the body. This occurs when infected saliva is released into a person's mouth. When the partners’ lips and tongues come into close contact, it lands on “clean” surfaces, and the virus contained in the biological fluid infects healthy cells.

If there is a papilloma in the oral cavity, then its contact with the mucous membranes of another person contributes to the migration of the virus in the body of an uninfected partner. But this path is only possible with active friction of the growth against healthy surfaces. In the case of friendly kisses, for example, on the cheek, the likelihood of this is almost completely eliminated.

Risk factors for transmitting papilloma through kissing

The virus can be transmitted through a kiss only if it is contained in large quantities in the saliva of an infected person. For this, the partner must also have problems with the integrity of the mucous membranes of the lips and walls of the oral cavity. If they are not there, then the likelihood of HPV penetrating inside in this way is extremely low. But it increases significantly if the carrier has papilloma in the mouth - on the tongue, tonsils, etc.

Let's find out what exactly contributes to the fact that the papilloma virus is transmitted through a kiss:

• Ignoring antibacterial rinses . This significantly increases the likelihood of activation of the papilloma virus here, since this remedy is designed to suppress it and reduce the load on the ENT organs. If this does not happen, then the person poses a threat to the partner during deep kisses with the tongue penetrating the mouth and exchanging saliva.
• Refusal of floss . This invention helps remove food debris between the teeth, where a toothbrush and mouthwash cannot reach. A large number of bacteria, including the papilloma virus, usually accumulate in these places. If they are not promptly cleaned of contaminants, the pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity will worsen and it will be much more difficult to resist infection through kissing.
• Selection of low-quality toothpastes . If it is a cheap product and does not contain antibacterial components, then there will be practically no benefit from it. It will not be able to protect against the transmission of papilloma through a kiss and will not suppress the activity of the virus if it enters the body.

Can the immune system fight infection?

Killer T lymphocytes recognize cells with damaged DNA and destroy them. This is natural antitumor immunity. This prevents the development of cancer. Antitumor immunity is relevant due to the fact that some strains are capable of inducing the synthesis of oncoproteins, leading to immortalization and proliferation of keratinocytes. As a result, it is possible to avoid consequences such as cancer.

After infection, the cells of the macroorganism begin to secrete interferon, which has a dual effect. It affects the genes of neighboring cells, reducing the rate of protein synthesis, which slows down the assembly of viral particles. Interferon increases the activity of macrophages and T-killers. The rate of antigen representation to T-lymphocytes and killer cells increases, which ensures rapid recognition and destruction of infected cells and warts.

Thanks to the coordinated work of the immune system, in some cases the disease goes away on its own. The prognosis for the disease is favorable. Timely treatment will help avoid complications.

Hardware methods are aimed at removing warts to prevent the appearance of new ones and reduce the concentration of the pathogen in the tissues of the body. Medication methods are aimed at strengthening the body’s strength to fight independently. This is achieved by using immunostimulants, antiviral agents and cytostatics.

Preventing HPV infection through kissing

You should not kiss strangers whose health status is unknown. It is also not recommended to do this in a bathhouse, sauna, sea - in a word, in humid conditions that contribute to the transmission of the virus. To avoid infection, it is not advisable to practice French and other types of kisses with deep penetration of the tongue into the partner’s mouth.

To eliminate the possibility that the human papillomavirus is transmitted through a kiss, if possible, after it you should use an antibacterial mouthwash or chewing gum with the same properties. They will suppress the activity of the virus if it has already affected the mucous membranes, and will help prevent it from advancing further.

You should carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene - brush your teeth with a good toothpaste, do not skimp on purchasing high-quality floss, and use toothpicks if necessary.

You should not kiss if there are cracks, ulcers or other damage to the mucous membranes; first you need to wait for them to heal and make sure of this. For the same reason, it is not recommended to make such contact immediately after treatment at the dentist and in case of bleeding gums. After successful therapy, at least several days must pass so that the wounds have time to heal.

To successfully prevent the transmission of the papilloma virus through a kiss, you need to strengthen your immunity. You should take a course of immunomodulators and vitamin-mineral complexes 2 times a year. Good drugs are “Perfectil”, “Alphabet”, “Vitrum”

. Among immunostimulants, Lymphomyosot, which costs about 500 rubles, has earned an excellent reputation, as well as Immunal, the price of which is about 200 rubles.

You should also eat right and avoid an excess of cooked food over raw food. Their distribution should be on a 50 to 50% basis, and in the summer of the latter there should be even more. It is important to include fresh apples, lemons, oranges, bananas, cabbage, peppers, herbs in your diet - everything that has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the immune system.

It is also important, if you know about your partner’s positive viral status, to be regularly monitored by a virologist, immunologist and therapist. They will detect a deterioration in your health in time, refer you for the necessary tests and diagnose the infection. This will allow you to begin treatment faster and prevent growth of formations.

Is papilloma transmitted through a kiss? Look at the video:

Naturally, not all people who kiss automatically become carriers of the papilloma virus. For this, we repeat, there must be a number of predisposing factors both in one, healthy partner, and in the other, the source of HPV. Only in this case there is a real danger of transmitting the papilloma virus through a kiss and the risk of formation of growths on the body increases.

City Dermatovenerologic Dispensary of St. Petersburg

The human papillomavirus affects at least almost all inhabitants of the planet. And as a result of its influence, benign tumors – papillomas – can be observed on the skin, mucous membrane or internal organs.

Condylomas and warts are neoplasms that appear on the body due to infection with papillomavirus.

But the question arises: is papilloma contagious and for whom, if so?

Some varieties of the virus, if left untreated, can turn into cancer. People associated with the medical field have long known that HPV is sexually transmitted. But how else is the human papillomavirus transmitted? Is it possible to become infected with the virus in infancy and how to behave to avoid getting HPV? Every resident of the country, regardless of age and gender, should know the answers to these questions.

What is papillomatosis and what is its danger?

So, what is the papilloma virus, how is it transmitted, how is it treated and how to avoid infection? Human papillomavirus is the second most common infection that is sexually transmitted from person to person. In first place is herpes. The papillomavirus is so common that absolutely anyone can become infected with HPV by neglecting simple hygiene rules. Women are the most susceptible to the virus, but the infection also causes a lot of inconvenience for men.

Often papillomas on the body pose a real threat to a healthy body. This can be explained by the fact that the virus has more than 100 strains, some of which are oncogenic, that is, capable of leading to the development of a cancerous tumor.

Types 16 and 18 are considered the most dangerous; types 35, 45, 39 and some other types also pose a serious threat to the body.

But even non-oncogenic strains of the virus cause a lot of inconvenience to the infected person, because as a result of HPV infection, unpleasant growths form on the body, which have an unaesthetic appearance. All this significantly lowers the patient’s self-esteem, makes him insecure and distant, but is this virus contagious to others?

The human papillomavirus is dangerous for women because in its advanced form it leads to the development of cervical cancer. And for men, the virus is practically not dangerous, since they are usually passive carriers of the infection, infecting other people with it. But in advanced situations, HPV in men leads to genital cancer. In order to avoid infection with papillomavirus, you need to know how you can become infected with human papillomavirus in order to avoid such situations.

Venereologist - online consultations

Is it possible to transmit HPV type 16 through kissing?

No. 7 683 Venereologist 05/31/2013

I am 20 years old, my boyfriend has HPV type 16, I checked, all the tests are normal, he is being treated, the doctor recommended using condoms, but did not explain whether we can kiss, is it possible to get infected through a kiss? And does a condom protect against HPV?

Vasilyeva Tatyana, Surgut

ANSWERED: 06/03/2013 Pomitun Andrey Vitalievich St. Petersburg

0.0 Dermatovenereologist

If the oral cavity is infected, transmission is possible. Condoms are 98% effective when used correctly.

Hello. Passed medical. Inspection for practical training. The gynecologist told me that there is erosion of the cervix. I took a test for cancer cells (it will only be ready in October). And she said that I needed to undergo a colposcopy and be tested for HPV types 16 and 18. I made an appointment for a colposcopy in October. I passed the tests. The result came - HPV type 16 was detected. And also for honey. Upon examination I was told that my thyroid gland was slightly enlarged. My mother also has erosion (they cauterized it and it healed again). Sexual.

Methods of transmission of HPV

It is easy to become infected with the human papillomavirus because the virus can easily be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person. Many people who have encountered this problem are concerned with the question: how can you become infected with papilloma? There are 4 main routes of transmission:

• through sexual relations;
• contact and household method;
• from mother to child;
• self-infection.

Let's consider the listed methods of virus infection separately.

Transmission of HPV through sexual contact

In most cases, papillomas are transmitted through sexual contact. The infection enters the body through open areas of the genitals, so contraception does not always provide the necessary protection. Transmission of the virus occurs regardless of the type of sexual intercourse, traditional sex, or oral, anal. After infection, benign tumors – papillomas – form on the genitals. In this regard, the question is: does a condom protect against HPV? No, it still cannot protect the body 100% from the penetration of the virus.

In cases of transmission of the virus through unconventional sex, growths may appear near the anus or in the oral cavity. Sometimes the infection can even be transmitted through a kiss or mutual caress of the genitals. After the virus enters the mucous membrane, it quickly enters the body through minor damage. HPV transmission usually occurs from men to women, and in rare cases, vice versa. Homosexuals, in particular passive ones, are at great risk of contracting the papilloma virus. Knowing how HPV is transmitted, you can protect yourself by living a sexual life with one regular partner.

Contact-household method of transmission of HPV

In addition to sexual contact, HPV is also transmitted through household contact, although such cases are uncommon. When in contact with an infected person, there is a chance of becoming infected, especially when shaking hands. The virus can be in saliva, urine, sweat. Therefore, if you kiss a person on the cheek, you can infect him. And even on public transport, by holding the handrail on which the virus is located, and then by touching your eyes, face, or any other part of the body, you can become infected with HPV. But infection with HPV in this way is quite rare, since the papillomavirus cannot exist outside the human body for a long time.

People often become infected with the virus in a swimming pool or bathhouse. Also, cases of infection in medical institutions and beauty salons are not uncommon. This can happen when a doctor examines patients without gloves. The risk of HPV infection especially increases if there are various injuries, cuts, and scratches on the body.

It is necessary to monitor hand hygiene, do not sit down to eat without washing them, and also do not use other people’s hygiene products: towels, soap, washcloths. This is the only way to at least slightly reduce the risk of infection in public places.

Mother-to-child transmission of HPV

Many women who have HPV in their bodies are wondering whether papillomas are contagious to the fetus? Passing through an infected birth canal, a newborn can contract the virus. Infection in this way leads to the appearance of papillomas on the respiratory organs. And laryngeal papillomatosis makes breathing difficult and can lead to suffocation of the child. Sometimes the virus can be transmitted during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Some resort to caesarean section in such cases. But even so, the child can become infected. Therefore, cesarean section is recommended in extreme cases or if the mother has a large number of papillomas on the genitals. HPV is not inherited; if there is a carrier of HPV in the family, then he can infect the rest of the household. Therefore, being a hidden carrier of the virus, you should think about how not to infect your partner.

Self-infection with HPV

It is possible to become infected with the virus yourself while shaving, cutting nails or epilating. And children who constantly pick off warts can transfer the existing virus to healthy areas of the skin, thereby increasing the affected area.

Is human papillomavirus transmitted by airborne droplets? This happens very rarely, but it does happen.

For example, when medical personnel become infected with HPV during an operation on a patient. But this rarely happens.

Who is at risk of contracting HPV?

After infection, the virus initially does not manifest itself in any way. Papillomavirus can remain latent in the body for a long time, from several weeks to 20 years. The infection is activated when favorable factors for this occur. Typically, this factor is considered to be reduced immunity, which is no longer able to fight the virus. Other factors that provoke the development of the virus include:

• constant stressful situations;
• presence of bad habits;
• hypothermia or overheating of the body;
• long-term use of certain medications;
• presence of chronic diseases;
• lack of vitamins and minerals;
• presence of sexually transmitted diseases.

People who are highly susceptible to HPV are:

• often change sexual partners;
• live in a place with a low level of economy;
• give birth at an early age;
• had abortions;
• socially unadapted;
• prefer unconventional types of sex.

Women become infected with HPV during sexual intercourse, even during their first sexual experience. The presence of the virus in the body can be determined during a routine examination by a gynecologist, so it is not recommended to postpone going to the clinic until later.

Men are often infected with papillomavirus, but it is more difficult to find out about this, since the infection remains latent for a long time, and papillomas do not appear on the body.

That is, it often happens that a man is a hidden carrier and transmitter of the virus, although he himself does not even know it. But, knowing how human papillomavirus infection is transmitted, what human papillomatosis is, how to get rid of it, you can protect yourself from infection. Therefore, it is necessary to engage only in protected sexual contact and to enter into sexual relations with only one trusted partner.

HIV during oral sex: risk group

Despite many years of observations and research, the question of how dangerous oral sex is in terms of infection has not yet been settled.

Thus, there are observations that even taking oral contraceptives can increase susceptibility by weakening the cellular component of immunity.

But thanks to such research, it is possible to roughly determine the categories of people who are at greatest risk.

In some cases, the probability of infection with each contact reaches 18%.

The first, obvious factor is that all these people love to perform oral sex.

Not so obvious criteria:

• sex workers , whose existence is stubbornly ignored by the authorities
• truck drivers who, on long flights, prefer to receive oral satisfaction from a woman, in the belief that this will protect them from HIV and other STIs
• serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty - in men's and women's colonies, oral sex is practiced quite widely, and when a person is released, he may not even suspect that he has become infected with HIV

There are several more narrow layers of people in whose lives oral sex plays an important role.

For example, transgender people, of whom there are a lot in Thailand.

Not only do they actively practice oral sex, but they are also forced to take hormones in connection with gender reassignment operations.

And all this is a very high risk of contracting HIV.

Comments

1. megan92 () 2 weeks ago

   Has anyone managed to get rid of papillomas in their armpits? They really bother me, especially when you sweat.

2. Daria () 2 weeks ago

   I have already tried so many things and only after reading this article, I was able to get rid of papillomas in the armpits (and on a very budget). PS But I’m from the city myself and didn’t find it on sale here, so I ordered it online.

3. megan92 () 13 days ago

   Daria, post a link to the article! PS I'm from the city too))

4. Daria () 12 days ago

   megan92, that’s what I wrote in my first comment) I’ll duplicate it just in case - a link to the article.

5. Sonya 10 days ago

   Isn't this a scam? Why do they sell on the Internet?

6. Yulek26 (Tver) 10 days ago

   Sonya, what country do you live in? They sell it on the Internet because stores and pharmacies charge outrageous markups. In addition, payment is only after receipt, that is, they first looked, checked and only then paid. And now everything is sold on the Internet - from clothes to TVs and furniture.

7. Editor's response 10 days ago

   Sonya, hello. This drug for the treatment of papillomavirus infection is indeed not sold through pharmacy chains and retail stores in order to avoid inflated prices. As of today, you can only order on the official website. Be healthy!

8. Sonya 10 days ago

   I apologize, I didn’t notice the information about cash on delivery at first. Then everything is fine if payment is made upon receipt.

9. Margo (Ulyanovsk) 8 days ago

   Has anyone tried traditional methods to get rid of warts and papillomas?

10. Andrey A week ago

    I tried to burn off a wart on my head with vinegar. The wart really went away, only in its place there was such a burn that my finger hurt for another month. And the most annoying thing is that after a month and a half, two more warts popped up nearby ((

11. Ekaterina A week ago

    I tried to burn out the papilloma with celandine, but it didn’t help, it just turned black and became so scary (((

12. Maria 5 days ago

    I recently watched a program on Channel One, they also talked about this PAPIFEX. Many doctors recommended for treatment. I ordered it, I use it, and indeed, the papillomas are dissolving one by one, there are only 2 left, the most tenacious ones.

13. Elena (dermatologist) 6 days ago

    Maria, soon these two will disappear too!

14. Alexandra (Syktyvkar) 5 days ago

    A good product, completely worth the price. I have never seen any analogues.

15. Maxim Today

    Has anyone tried to reduce papillomas with liquid nitrogen?

16. Tatyana (Ekaterinburg) Today

    Yeah, you burn one, after a month three more grow ((I don’t recommend liquid nitrogen, although hospitals often use it

17. Elena (dermatologist) 6 days ago

    Tatyana, liquid nitrogen is a thing of the past, now PAPIFEX is used in full and there is no need to go to the doctors!

18. Mikhail (Moscow) Today

    PAPIFEX also helped (I ordered it according to the advice above), it should work, try it

19. Vika (Ekaterinburg) Today

    That's great! I need to order, otherwise I’m already tormented with these warts! After all, a woman always wants to be beautiful!

20. Kristina (Minsk) Today

    I had papillomas removed with a laser, quickly and without pain. But it's damn expensive.