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Papilloma on the eyelid is a small growth that occurs due to infection with the human papilloma virus.

The incubation period of such a neoplasm can last for several years. Modern microsurgery techniques are used for removal.

Reasons for the appearance of HPV on the eyelid

The reasons for the formation of papilloma on the eyelids can be varied. The most common reason is poor local blood circulation, which occurs due to immunoglobulins entering the eye area. Factors stimulating the formation of neoplasms:

• eye diseases;
• tissue degeneration;
• failure to comply with hygiene rules;
• immunodeficiency;
• chronic stress;
• pregnancy;
• diseases of internal organs;
• hypothermia;
• regular use of alcohol, drugs, nicotine or chemical substances;
• long course of treatment with antibacterial drugs.

At risk are patients with a weak immune system, as well as people susceptible to hormonal imbalances. In older people and pregnant women, growths on the eyelids form as a result of hormonal changes in the body.

General information

Eyelid papillomas are tumors of the integumentary epithelium of the skin of the adnexa of the eye with varying degrees of dysplasia, caused by the human papillomavirus. Most often, eyelid papillomas are benign tumors; malignancy is rare. Such neoplasias account for 60–65% of all eyelid neoplasms. Most often (3.5 cases per 100,000 population) this pathology occurs in people living in equatorial countries. In Australia, the prevalence is 1.9 cases per 100,000 population. In countries with temperate and subarctic climates, the disease is diagnosed less frequently. The age category of patients is over 30 years old, the average age of patients ranges from 45-60 years. Women get sick one and a half times more often than men.

Type of neoplasm

Before removal, the doctor determines the type of formation. Low-active and highly active growths are distinguished. The first type is almost invisible and grows slowly.

Such papillomas are flesh-colored and small in size. Highly active formations tend to grow rapidly and have a bright color. They can cause pain and itching. This type of papilloma can degenerate into a cancerous process.

In appearance, growths can be of the following types:

• keratopapillomas - have an irregular shape and a keratinized surface;
• fibropapillomas - can be of different shapes with a dense structure.

Before treating a growth, the doctor diagnoses it. Treatment is prescribed based on a complete examination and laboratory results.

Symptoms, appearance of growths on the eyelids

Papillomas on the eyelids do not have any specific symptoms, but they spoil the appearance. Such growths are characterized by:

• absence of inflammation or pain;
• slow growth;
• no change in the surrounding epidermis.

Papillomas on the eyelids do not provoke the formation of ulcers and bleeding. Externally, papilloma resembles a small growth. Its color is practically no different from the shade of healthy skin.

Important!

The size does not exceed 1–2 millimeters.

The surface of the affected area is rough. Mechanical damage may cause discomfort.

Definition of disease

Papilloma on the lower eyelid is a small skin growth of viral origin. In addition to discomfort and inconvenience, papilloma can lead to serious complications, including the formation of a malignant tumor. Neoplasms can be localized on the upper and lower eyelids to equal degrees.

Papilloma on the lower eyelid can be of 2 types - single or multiple. They differ in shapes, sizes and colors.

Based on the risk principle, papillomas are distinguished:

• Low-oncoactive, characterized by slow growth. They are removed using conventional methods.
• Highly oncoactive: they grow quickly. In this case, consultation with an oncologist is required to avoid the risk of malignant degeneration.

An ordinary papilloma on the lower eyelid can become a cancerous melanoma at any time. If papillomas are not treated, then the disease further develops and spreads throughout the body, up to the appearance of rashes on the mucous membranes.

Discomfort caused by growth

Such formations can be located near the edge of the eyelid and mucous membrane. Neoplasms can cause discomfort:

• redness;
• dry eyes;
• sensation of a foreign body in the eye;
• irritation of the mucous membrane;
• incomplete closure of the eyelids;
• increased tearfulness;
• development of an inflammatory disease;
• redness of the whites of the eyes.

If such negative manifestations occur, you should immediately consult a doctor, as serious complications are possible. Often the growth on the eyelid is so small that it does not cause any discomfort.

Precautionary measures

In order to reduce the risk of papillomas, follow 4 simple rules:

• swim in the pool only with goggles;
• do not rub your eyes with your hands;
• If scratches or wounds appear on the skin, treat them promptly;
• Take care of your health and strengthen your immune system.

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A mole on a person’s eye has the medical name “conjunctival nevus” or “choroidal nevus”; it is benign and very rarely degenerates into melanoma.

A birthmark on the eye is a common occurrence, since moles are formed where there are melanin cells - pigments, and the pupil has such pigment. In addition, blood vessels pass through the eye, which also contributes to the appearance of moles. Thus, we can conclude that this phenomenon is completely natural and does not pose any dangers.

Types of pigmented neoplasms in the eye

The formation of a spot in the mucous membrane of the eyeball is called conjunctival nevus. Such a difference immediately catches the eye of others.

The appearance of a neoplasm on the posterior membrane of the fundus is called choroidal nevus. These moles are practically invisible to the naked eye, and they can be identified using a special device.

As long as moles don't bother you, there's nothing wrong with having them. But at the first inconvenience associated with these formations, it is better to consult a doctor, since there is a risk, albeit minimal, of their degeneration into melanoma.

Nevus of the conjunctiva (iris)

The white of the eye has a transparent layer of mucous consistency called the conjunctiva. With the normal structure of this membrane, no formations should be present on it, but sometimes there are birthmarks on the conjunctiva.

Depending on which cells underlie the mole, the following types of formations are distinguished:

1. Nevi consist of blood capillaries that are located on the conjunctival mucosa. They are vascular in nature and appear as red or pink spots.
2. Pigmented nevus of the conjunctiva appears due to an excess of melanin in the mucous membrane.
3. A cystic nevus may appear because mucous vesicles with liquid form in the mucous membrane; these are lymphatic vessels that merge into one formation.

Color and size

Since such spots on the iris do not fall on the pupil, a person’s vision does not suffer.

1. The growths can be either dark or light pink. It depends on the type of cells and their accumulation. In some cases (30%) nevi are colorless.
2. During the period of hormonal changes in the body, the mole may darken; closer to old age, it gradually lightens.
3. Usually the spot is flat and reaches a diameter of up to 4 cm.
4. The boundaries are clearly defined and the surface is velvety.

Stationary and progressive formations

Depending on whether the growth increases over time, whether it changes boundaries, etc. The following types of moles are distinguished:

1. Stationary. Such neoplasms do not require surgical removal, since they are not prone to change. Such nevi need to be constantly monitored by an ophthalmologist, approximately once a year.
2. Progressive. The spot may grow, change its boundaries and volume. In critical cases, surgery will be required. Microsurgery is used, less often laser treatment.

The meaning of a mole under the eye - a tool of seduction?

Many people believe that moles can indicate a person's character. So, by seeing a mole under the eye, you can determine what kind of character a given individual is. This especially defines the female character.

It is believed that moles under the eye and on the cheekbone are found in kind and flexible people. Their character is dominated by tenderness and love. There is a tendency towards self-sacrifice.

A nevus under the eye, located closer to the temple, indicates a calm and balanced character. Such people are self-confident and a little stingy, but this speaks more of frugality.

A mole under the eye adorns women to a greater extent; it gives them a special charm and mystery, which so attracts and fascinates men.

Despite their gentleness, such people can be very decisive and defend their own opinions. Especially if the mole is located on the cheekbone under the right eye.

Mole in a child's eye

Moles in the eyes of children appear at the genetic level even before the baby is born. Most often, this feature predominates in fair-skinned children living in northern latitudes.

Such moles do not harm the child, and therefore they are only observed by an ophthalmologist, but at 9-10 years old, most likely, the doctor will suggest surgery to remove them. Since during the transition period in children, which is approximately 11 - 18 years old, there is a hormonal surge in the body, and it is unknown how this appendage will behave. The following symptoms may be a reason for surgery:

1. Darkening of the spot, change in its shape or increase.
2. Visible dispersion of pigment around the spot.
3. An increase in the number or volume of cysts.

The operation is performed under a microscope; removal of moles from the mucous membrane of the eye is carried out using microsurgical instruments.

Creotherapy and radiation therapy are not used in this case, since nevi consist of mature cells that do not undergo changes with these methods.

Laser treatment is not used, since moles are located not on the skin, but on the mucous membrane of the eye, and the laser can significantly harm this area.

Hanging mole on the eyelid and its removal

It is known that if a mole begins to change somehow, for example, in color or in size, volume, then you should consult a doctor and not leave such changes unattended. When a hanging mole appears on the eyelid, which most often occurs in old age, it may not bother a person, but it is still worth removing it.

The mole consists of epithelium and resembles small papillae. Many doctors consider it a type of benign tumor.

The color of moles on the eyelids can vary from flesh-colored to dark brown. In addition to the eyes, such moles appear in the armpits, groin, etc.

These moles do not pose a danger until they begin to change, this may indicate that it is developing into a malignant tumor. A mole that has darkened and fallen off on its own can also pose a danger. In this case, consult a doctor and get a diagnosis to rule out possible complications.

Reasons for the appearance of hanging moles on the eyelid:

1. Ultraviolet lovers often have similar moles, i.e. sun rays.
2. Passion for solarium.
3. Hormonal imbalances in the body.

Sometimes a person may not notice or feel a hanging mole until it catches on some object. This can cause it to turn black and fall off. In this case, there is a risk of cell damage, so to avoid the formation of cancer cells, seek medical help immediately.

Characteristic signs of a hanging mole degenerating into a cancerous one include:

1. Rapid growth of nevus.
2. If a mole has changed color.
3. Moles cause pain.
4. Such nevi may bleed.
5. The skin pattern on them may disappear.
6. Mole compaction.

A hanging mole on the eye is not dangerous, but it can cause some discomfort. In addition, there is a small chance of it developing into a cancerous tumor. Therefore, most often it must be removed.

Why is infection dangerous?

Papilloma on the eyelid causes not only aesthetic discomfort, but can also lead to the development of a serious ophthalmological disease.

A neoplasm on the eyelid is dangerous due to difficulty in the blink reflex. As a result, the eyeball is not sufficiently moistened, which leads to vision problems.

The presence of purulent discharge indicates the development of an inflammatory process provoked by an infection. This complication is fraught with the development of keratitis, blepharitis, uveitis and streptococcal conjunctivitis.

Etiology and pathogenesis of eyelid papilloma formation

The leading etiological factor provoking the development of eyelid papilloma is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 100 different types of human papillomavirus. The human papillomavirus is tropic to the epidermis of the skin and is transmitted through direct contact with infected epithelium (most often, household contact is observed, less often sexual transmission). In addition, it can be transmitted from mother to fetus. It is believed that in the basal layer there are cells sensitive to papillomavirus and enough single particles of the virus to stimulate the development of eyelid papilloma. HPV is an obligate intracellular parasite that is usually present in the episomal form, i.e., located in the cytoplasm of the cell. However, during reproduction it can migrate into the nucleus (integration).

The onset of integration (formation of eyelid papilloma) is possible even 20 years from the onset of infection; the time of development of the disease is determined not only by the virus, but also by the presence of the patient’s hereditary predisposition in combination with other factors. Even while in the cytoplasm, the virus is able to produce intact viral particles. At this stage, the infection is often asymptomatic, highly contagious, can easily spread to other tissues and organs and cause the formation of eyelid papillomas.

The processes of viral replication, assembly of viral particles, and their release from the cell have not been fully established. In one cell, the virus can simultaneously exist in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. When a virus enters the host's body, its cytoplasmic replication begins after penetration into the cells of the basal layer of the skin. In the stratum corneum, active release of mature viral particles from cells is observed. These areas of the skin are dangerous for contact infection. Factors contributing to the development of eyelid papilloma include genetic predisposition, immunological and hormonal disorders (diabetes mellitus, hyper- or hypothyroidism, menopause), pregnancy, vitamin deficiency, frequent visits to the solarium, cancer, smoking, alcohol consumption.

Methods for removing HPV from the eyelid?

The choice of papilloma removal method depends on its type and size. Therapy consists of taking medications and performing hardware removal. In some cases, surgery is prescribed.

Removal with pharmaceutical products

To eliminate small growths on the eyelid, pharmaceutical products can be used. Before using them, you should consult your doctor about the safety of such treatment. The following groups of drugs are prescribed:

• antiviral;
• immunostimulants;
• vitamins.

Antiviral agents are intended for external use. The growth needs to be lubricated 3 times a day. This causes it to stop growing. The duration of the therapeutic course should not exceed a month. Most often prescribed:

• Acyclovir.
• Panavir.
• Cycloferon.

Immunostimulants are necessary to activate the immune system. This is necessary to stop the active reproduction of the virus and reduce the risk of growth of formation. The doctor prescribes one of the following medications:

• Levoxin.
• Interferon.
• Amiksin.

Vitamin complexes strengthen the entire body and replenish deficiencies. Such funds are used as additional and preventive.

Therapy with folk remedies

Treating papilloma on the eyelid with folk remedies is risky. Do not use aggressive products. Before using a folk remedy, you should consult a specialist. For home therapy the following is used:

• aloe vera;
• potato juice;
• Castor oil.

Aloe vera juice can be used in its pure form to treat affected areas. To do this, cut the plant leaf in half and rub the papilloma with the pulp. The therapeutic course should last at least 10 days.

Raw potato juice is no less effective. You can simply lubricate the growth with it or use it to prepare a compress. It must be held for 1-2 hours.

Castor oil can be used to lubricate papilloma, but in diluted form. If you apply a concentrated substance, it can cause a burn. The therapeutic course should last about 10 days.

Important!

Immunomodulatory folk remedies can be used at home.

For example, these could be decoctions of rose hips, chamomile and coltsfoot. Such drinks enhance the body's protective functions, thereby giving it strength to fight the virus.

To treat growths on the eyelid, it is prohibited to use celandine and products based on it. This product is quite aggressive and can cause burns.

Hardware methods

Hardware procedures allow you to get rid of the tumor as quickly as possible. At the same time, the risk of scar formation is minimal. Most often, one of the following procedures is performed:

• cryodestruction;
• radio wave exposure;
• electrocoagulation.

Cryodestruction involves exposing the growth to liquid nitrogen. As a result, the formation freezes, the nutrition of the cells is disrupted, so it disappears on its own. This removal method is used only if the papilloma is located at a certain distance from the mucous membrane. After such exposure, no traces or scars remain. No anesthesia is required.

Radio wave exposure is an effective and safe technique. It consists of excision of the formation with a special radio wave scalpel. The advantages of this manipulation:

• minimal risk of relapse;
• fast wound healing;
• accuracy of impact;
• no marks or scars.

Thermal energy is used to carry out electrocoagulation The build-up is exposed to a heated metal electrode. Upon contact with the neoplasm, a controlled burn is formed. By influencing surrounding vessels, bleeding is prevented.

Surgery and rehabilitation

The surgical method of removing a growth on the eyelid is used extremely rarely, since it leaves a cosmetic defect.

However, excision with a scalpel allows you to completely remove the tumor without injuring the eye. The procedure is performed under a microscope, so this intervention is classified as microsurgical.

REFERENCE. When carrying out this procedure, it is possible to preserve the hair follicles and the eyelash row is not disturbed.

The manipulation lasts from 15 to 20 minutes. The wound is coagulated with a thermocautery. The doctor places sutures at the excision site, which are removed after a week.

The disadvantage of surgical intervention is the risk of re-formation of warts on the eyelid. If repair is not performed correctly, the wound may become inflamed. It should not be wet for a week after surgery. It is forbidden to tear off the scab from the wound.

Laser removal of HPV

One of the most common methods is laser treatment . High precision of exposure ensures the integrity of healthy skin areas.

Important!

Thanks to modern technologies, the diameter and depth of the papilloma are accurately calculated.

The correct choice of the depth of exposure minimizes the negative impact on the membrane of the visual organs. The advantage of this manipulation is that there is no contact between the device and the skin. It turns out that it was a targeted strike with one impulse.

Laser exposure involves blockage of blood vessels and a complete absence of bleeding. The crust from the wound disappears after 2–4 weeks.

If the affected area is large, the doctor may prescribe the use of special medications to speed up the regeneration processes. The procedure itself lasts a few minutes, and the recovery period is 7 days.

Prevention

After removal of papilloma on the lower eyelid, the patient should take preventive measures.
First of all, it is strengthening the immune system. For this purpose, it is necessary to lead a correct lifestyle, follow a daily routine and eat well. You definitely need to take a course of vitamin complex. Also, maintain good eye hygiene. Do not touch the organs of vision with dirty hands, do not rub them. Wear safety glasses when swimming.

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Preventive measures

There are a number of preventive measures that will help avoid infection or relapse of the disease. Basic recommendations:

• compliance with all hygiene rules;
• swimming in open water only with special goggles;
• strengthening the immune system;
• no touching the eyes.

To maintain the functioning of the immune system, it is not enough to take vitamins; you need to lead a healthy lifestyle and try to avoid stressful situations. Preventive measures cannot completely prevent infection, but they will minimize the risk.

Papillomas on the eyelids can cause not only aesthetic discomfort, but also a number of other painful symptoms. The doctor prescribes treatment depending on the size of the growth and its exact location. Self-medication can be dangerous, since not all folk remedies can be applied to the sensitive skin of the eyelids.

Can papilloma on the eye turn into cancer?

Most likely no. Papillomas in themselves are not dangerous, cases of degeneration are rare. Complications can be caused by HPV, which causes papillomas to appear.

These complications include damage to the cervix in women and the rectum and colon in men.

The formation of a cancerous tumor in the area of ​​the lower or upper eyelid can be caused by other neoplasms. Whether the growth is a papilloma can only be determined by a dermatologist.

If oncology is suspected, he will refer you to a specialist, where the formation will be checked using histological analysis. Papillomas in the eye are detected by an ophthalmologist. If symptoms occur, it makes sense to visit a specialist.